Bio-based Stabilizers for Toner Gloss and Melt Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing low gloss and low melt toners face challenges in controlling particle size and distribution due to the dual functions of chelating agents, which can confound toner properties and require the use of cross-linking gel resins that increase fusing temperature, making it difficult to achieve desired image quality.

Innovation Solution

The use of bio-based stabilizers, such as polyols and polyhydroxylated organic acids, to terminate particle aggregation without chelating metal ions, allowing for controlled particle size and distribution, and optional use of chelators or gel resins to tune gloss levels, thereby avoiding the limitations of chemical chelating agents.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If chelating agents are used to control particle aggregation, then particle size control is improved, but toner gloss and melt properties are compromised due to dual functions of chelators

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle size controlVSAvoidtoner gloss and melt properties
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent separates the functions of chelating agents into two distinct components: a chelating agent for particle size control and a bio-based stabilizer for gloss and melt property control. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function without interference, resolving the contradiction between particle size control and toner property adaptability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The bio-based stabilizer acts as an intermediary substance that controls particle aggregation and stabilizes toner properties without chelating metal ions. This intermediary enables precise control of gloss and melt properties while the chelating agent independently manages particle size, eliminating the dual-function conflict

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of manufacture

If cross-linked gel latex is added to achieve low gloss, then gloss control is improved, but fusing temperature increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegloss controlVSAvoidfusing temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces permanent cross-linked gel latex structures with bio-based stabilizers that provide temporary stabilization during aggregation. These bio-based components allow gloss control without creating permanent cross-links that would elevate fusing temperature, effectively substituting a less intrusive mechanism for gloss management

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the chemical parameters of the stabilizing system by using bio-based stabilizers with specific functional groups that interact with particles differently than cross-linked gel latex. This parameter change enables gloss control through alternative mechanisms that do not require cross-linking, thus maintaining lower fusing temperatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If chelator amount is reduced to retain more aluminum cations for low gloss, then gloss control is improved, but particle size distribution control becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegloss controlVSAvoidparticle size distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the control functions between two separate agents: the chelating agent maintains sufficient aluminum cation retention for particle size distribution control, while the bio-based stabilizer provides the gloss control function. This segmentation allows both functions to operate at optimal levels without the trade-off present in single-agent systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of toners with desired particle size and distribution, achieving low gloss and low melt characteristics without increasing fusing temperature, resulting in improved image quality and process control.

Implementation Method 1

a bio-based stabilizer is used to freeze particle aggregation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectStabilization:

Implementation Method 2

chelators sometimes are used to control pH when ending the aggregation process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChelation:

Data Source

PatentUS9285693B2Tuning toner gloss with bio-based stabilizers
Publication Date: 2016.03.15 XEROX CORP

AI summary

The disclosure describes a process to produce toner with tunable gloss levels comprising a stabilizer to freeze particle growth following aggregation, where the stabilizer does not chelate metal ions.