Biochip with Titania Coating and Organic Coupler for Stable Immobilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current diagnostic systems, particularly those using antigen-antibody immune reactions or ligand-acceptor interactions, struggle to detect certain diseases and require sensitive or quantitative detection methods, which are often hindered by the limitations of fluorescent labeling and the instability of electrochemical signals in biosensors.
Innovation Solution
A biochip with a titania coating layer and an organic coupler containing multiple carboxylic acid groups is used to covalently bond bioactive molecules like cytochrome c, enabling stable immobilization and efficient detection of electrochemical signals through a method involving a mesoporous titania coating layer and specific binding reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If fluorescent labeling is used for detecting specific biomaterials, then detection capability is improved, but the process complexity increases and the fluorescent substance exhibits blinking or quenching over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the fluorescent label from the detection system and replaces it with electrochemical detection using cytochrome c. This eliminates the need for fluorescent labeling processes while maintaining detection capability through electrochemical signal generation from superoxide detection.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a stable electrochemical system with cytochrome c that does not suffer from the time-dependent degradation (blinking/quenching) of fluorescent substances. The electrochemical detection system provides durable, long-term stability without the short lifespan limitations of fluorescent labels.
2Ease of manufacture
If cytochrome c molecules are immobilized on electrode through physical adhesion, then the immobilization process is simple, but the binding strength is minimal and stability is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an organic coupler as an intermediary between the electrode and cytochrome c molecules. This coupler enables covalent bonding, providing strong and stable attachment while maintaining the simplicity of the overall immobilization process. The coupler acts as a bridge that achieves both strong binding and ease of manufacture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the bonding mechanism from physical adhesion to covalent bonding through the use of organic couplers. This parameter change in bond strength and chemical interaction fundamentally improves the stability and reliability of cytochrome c immobilization on the electrode surface.
3Reliability
If antigen-antibody immune reactions are used for disease detection, then the detection method is well-established, but certain diseases cannot be detected and sensitive or quantitative detection is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the biological immune reaction mechanism (antigen-antibody) with an electrochemical detection mechanism using cytochrome c. This substitution enables detection of superoxide and other electroactive species, expanding disease detection capabilities beyond what traditional immune-based methods can achieve.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from immune reaction-based detection to electrochemical signal detection. This parameter change enables sensitive and quantitative detection of various biomarkers including superoxide, expanding the versatility of the detection system for different disease states.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides a stable and durable biochip for detecting target molecules and diagnosing diseases by generating reliable electrochemical signals, improving detection accuracy and durability, and allowing for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Implementation Method 1
an organic coupler comprising 2 or more carboxylic acid groups and capable of transporting electrons
Implementation Method 2
covalent bonds with carboxylic acid groups of a PDA coupler may be formed by an esterification reaction using a Ti—OH functional group present abundantly on the titania surface
Implementation Method 3
oxidation and reduction are involved in various mechanisms occurring in vivo and that superoxide may act as a main marker for diseases
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a biochip comprising an electrode having a titania coating layer on its surface; an organic coupler comprising two or more carboxylic acid groups and capable of transporting electrons; and bioactive molecules, wherein the organic coupler is covalently bonded to a hydroxyl group of titania on the electrode surface through one carboxylic acid group, and to the bioactive molecules through other one or more carboxylic acid groups, a method for analyzing target molecules using the biochip, a method for diagnosing the development of diseases using the biochip, an electrode provided with a titania coating layer on its surface to which an organic coupler, comprising 2 or more carboxylic acid groups and capable of transporting electrons, is bound, wherein the organic coupler is covalently bonded to a hydroxyl group of titania on the electrode surface through one carboxylic acid group, and a method for preparing the electrode provided with a mesoporous titania coating layer, the method comprising coating a mixed solution of a titania precursor and a template polymer on the top of the electrode, and calcinating the coated electrode under an air flow condition.