Biocide Precursor Composition for Stable Low-Salt Formation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing biocide compositions using ammonium salts are unstable, decompose quickly, and require excess ammonium to stabilize, leading to inefficiencies and high costs, while using aqueous ammonia results in lower biocidal activity and logistical challenges.
Innovation Solution
A composition comprising an ammonium salt, aqueous ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate, with a molar excess of ammonia/ammonium relative to the anion, and controlled mixing with a hypochlorite oxidant to form a stable biocide, using parameters like ORP/pH ratio for endpoint detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If excess ammonium salt is used to stabilize biocide formation, then biocide stability is improved, but cost and inefficiency increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical parameters by introducing sodium bicarbonate to adjust pH and using aqueous ammonia to modify the molar ratio of ammonia to anion. This allows stable biocide formation with reduced ammonium salt quantities by optimizing the chemical environment rather than relying on excess reactants.
Solution Approach 2:
Sodium bicarbonate acts as an intermediary substance that mediates the reaction between ammonium salt and hypochlorite oxidant. It buffers the pH and facilitates stable biocide formation without requiring excess ammonium salt, thereby reducing both cost and inefficiency.
2Quantity of substance
If aqueous ammonia is used instead of ammonium salt, then cost is reduced, but biocidal activity and logistical ease deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges the advantages of both aqueous ammonia and ammonium salt by combining them in a specific formulation. The composition includes both substances in optimized ratios, allowing cost reduction from ammonia usage while maintaining biocidal activity through the synergistic effect with sodium bicarbonate and controlled molar excess of ammonia.
3Ease of manufacture
If traditional biocide composition is used, then production is simplified, but biocide stability and efficacy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The invention applies preliminary action by pre-mixing ammonium salt, aqueous ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate in optimized ratios before contact with hypochlorite oxidant. This pre-formulated composition ensures stable biocide formation upon mixing, maintaining efficacy while simplifying the overall production process through pre-prepared stable mixtures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition stabilizes the biocide formation, maintains efficacy, and reduces costs by minimizing ammonium salt usage, while allowing for on-site production and immediate application.
Implementation Method 1
mixing with a hypochlorite oxidant to form a stable biocide
Data Source
AI summary
A composition for producing a biocide is provided. The composition comprises an ammonium salt, aqueous ammonia and sodium bicarbonate. The composition can be mixed with a hypochlorite oxidant to form a biocide. Previously known compositions included only an ammonium salt and optionally a base. The present composition is more economically favorable and has a more optimum pH relative to previously known compositions comprising an ammonium salt of a strong acid (hydrobromic, hydrochloric or sulfuric) or comprising ammonium carbamate and sodium hydroxide. Preparation of the biocide can be monitored with a control parameter. A new control parameter, the ratio ORP/pH, is introduced.