Biodegradable Marking Wax Composition for Crayons

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current wax marking compositions used in crayons lack improved laydown characteristics, mechanical strength, and environmental sustainability, as they tend to melt, distort, or break easily, and are not biodegradable, leading to issues like flaking and excessive tackiness.

Innovation Solution

A marking composition comprising a condensation polymer derived from a diol and a dicarboxylic acid, combined with fatty acids and a colorant, which provides improved structural integrity, smooth laydown, and biodegradability, minimizing pressure exertion and flaking while maintaining mechanical strength and reducing tackiness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If current renewable waxes with low melting points are used in crayons, then environmental friendliness and biodegradability are improved, but the crayons tend to melt, distort, or break during shipment and use

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental impactVSAvoidstructural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines renewable wax components (such as vegetable waxes or animal waxes) with natural resin components (such as rosin or copal resin) to create a composite marking composition. This composite structure allows the renewable wax to provide environmental friendliness and biodegradability, while the natural resin component contributes higher melting point characteristics and structural strength, preventing the crayon from melting, distorting, or breaking during shipment and use.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Ease of operation

If emollients such as castor or canola oil are increased in the crayon formulation, then laydown characteristics are improved, but the strength of the writing instrument is decreased causing breakage or crumbling

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelaydown characteristicsVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters by incorporating natural resin components (rosin or copal resin) with specific molecular structures and melting points. These resin components adjust the overall composition parameters to provide both improved laydown characteristics through appropriate emollient content and enhanced mechanical strength through the resin's structural properties, preventing breakage or crumbling during use.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of operation

If emollients are increased to improve laydown, then smooth color transfer is improved, but the crayon becomes excessively tacky to the touch

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelaydown smoothnessVSAvoidtackiness
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite formulation combining renewable wax, natural resin, and controlled amounts of emollients. The natural resin component (rosin or copal resin) acts as a binding agent that holds the colorant while controlling the release to the substrate. This composite structure enables smooth color transfer during laydown while the resin's properties reduce excessive tackiness to the touch, making the crayon comfortable for children to hold and use.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Quantity of substance

If pressure is increased to produce laydown, then color coverage is improved, but flaking and loose particles are generated causing clean-up problems

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor coverageVSAvoidflaking
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent adjusts the composition parameters by incorporating natural resin components with specific molecular weights and melting points. These resin components modify the softening characteristics of the marking composition, allowing color to transfer smoothly to the substrate at lower pressures. The resin creates a cohesive matrix that binds colorant particles together, preventing flaking and loose particle generation during the marking process, thereby eliminating clean-up problems associated with flaking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composition achieves enhanced color coverage, intensity, and uniformity with minimal pressure, reduced flaking, and improved durability, while being environmentally friendly and free from excessive tackiness, making it suitable for use by children without causing stains or damage.

Implementation Method 1

a condensation polymer which is a reaction product of a diol and a dicarboxylic acid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation polymerization:

Implementation Method 2

be soft enough to form a carrier for the pigment that is to be applied under pressure on a surface of the substrate to be marked

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure-induced transfer: Friction

Data Source

PatentUS11001727B2Renewable, biodegradable marking wax composition
Publication Date: 2021.05.11 DANIMER BIOPLASTICS INC

AI summary

The present disclosure is directed to marking compositions that are derived from environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable resources. Such compositions may be formulated in to writing and/or drawing instruments such as crayons. In various embodiments, the marking compositions include one or more of a structural component, a stiffening and/or laydown component, and a colorant. For instance, the structural component may be an ester wax composed of a diol and diacid, such as where the diols and diacids contain about 2 to about 14 carbon atoms each, such as where the structural component is present in an amount of from about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight, such as about 20% to about 80%, including about 60% of the composition. Additionally, the stiffening and/or lay down component may be a bifunctional fatty acid, such as stearic acid, which may be included in the composition, such as a stiffening agent as well as to enhance smoothness of laydown. A typically useful amount that may be used ranges from about 20% or less to about 80% or more, such as about 40% to 60% or more by weight of the composition. Further, in various embodiments, a naturally occurring, organic colorant may be provided as part of the marking composition.