Biodegradable Cross-Linked Polymer Particles for Embolization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current technologies lack effective biodegradable solutions for occluding vascular sites and cavities within the body, such as embolizing hypervascularized tumors or arteriovenous malformations, as existing methods do not provide sufficient control over particle degradation and delivery.
Innovation Solution
Development of biodegradable, cross-linked polymer particles with diameters between 40 μm and 1,200 μm, formed from monomers and crosslinkers susceptible to chemical hydrolysis or enzymatic action, which can be used for embolization and are designed to maintain structural integrity during delivery while degrading over time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If biodegradable polymer particles are used for embolization, then vascular occlusion is achieved, but control over particle degradation is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical composition parameters of the polymer particles, specifically incorporating crosslinkers with varying degradation rates and types (e.g., ester, carbamate, carbonate linkages). This allows control over the degradation timeline and rate of the particles, enabling them to maintain structural integrity during delivery and then degrade in a controlled manner after embolization.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining polymer monomers with specific crosslinkers to create particles with tailored degradation characteristics. The composite structure allows the particles to exhibit both immediate embolization capability and controlled biodegradation, resolving the contradiction between reliable occlusion and controllable degradation timing.
2Adaptability or versatility
If polymer particles are made to degrade over time, then biodegradability is achieved, but structural integrity during delivery is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by creating particles that transition from a stable, intact state during delivery to a degrading state after implantation. The crosslinked polymer structure provides immediate structural integrity for delivery, while the built-in degradable crosslinkers enable controlled breakdown afterward, allowing the particle to adapt its structural properties based on the operational phase.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses preliminary action by incorporating degradable crosslinkers into the polymer structure before delivery. This preliminary preparation allows the particles to maintain strength during delivery but then degrade in a controlled manner after implantation, without requiring additional processing or modification at the delivery site.
3Adaptability or versatility
If crosslinkers susceptible to hydrolysis or enzymatic action are used, then biodegradability is improved, but particle stability during delivery is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating different functional zones within the particle structure. The crosslinked polymer matrix provides stability during delivery, while the incorporated degradable crosslinkers are positioned to become active at the target site. This local differentiation allows the particle to be stable during delivery and then degrade locally after implantation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses an intermediary approach by incorporating crosslinkers that act as intermediaries between stability and biodegradability. These crosslinkers are designed to remain stable under delivery conditions but become susceptible to hydrolysis or enzymatic action at the target site, mediating the transition from stable to degradable state without compromising either phase.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The polymer particles effectively occlude vascular sites and cavities by maintaining their shape and size during delivery and degrading as needed, providing a controlled and biocompatible solution for treating conditions like hypervascularized tumors and arteriovenous malformations.
Implementation Method 1
The polymer particles can include and/or be formed of one or more monomers and a crosslinker
Implementation Method 2
the polymer particles can be susceptible to degradation through chemical hydrolysis or enzymatic action
Implementation Method 3
the polymer particles can be susceptible to degradation through chemical hydrolysis or enzymatic action
Data Source
AI summary
Biodegradable, cross-linked polymer particle embolics and methods of making the same are described. The particle embolics can be used as embolization agents.