Biodiesel Non-Phenolic Additives Oxidative Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Biodiesel exhibits lower oxidative stability and higher acidity compared to conventional diesel, leading to issues with meeting strict quality standards, and existing phenolic antioxidants worsen the acid number while improving stability.

Innovation Solution

The reaction product of a carboxylic acid and a polyamine, forming imidazoline or tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives, is added to biodiesel, enhancing oxidative stability while reducing acidity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If phenolic antioxidants are added to improve oxidative stability, then oxidative stability is improved, but acid number increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveoxidative stabilityVSAvoidacid number

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameter of the antioxidant additive from phenolic type to non-phenolic type (specifically amine-based antioxidants). This parameter change fundamentally alters the chemical properties of the additive, allowing it to improve oxidative stability without increasing acid number, as amine-based antioxidants do not possess the acidic hydroxyl groups characteristic of phenolic antioxidants.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite antioxidant systems combining multiple non-phenolic additives (amine-based antioxidants, metal deactivators, and other functional additives) to achieve synergistic effects. This composite approach provides comprehensive protection against oxidation while maintaining low acid number, overcoming the limitations of single phenolic antioxidant additives.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If phenolic antioxidants are used to enhance stability, then oxidative stability improves, but quality specification compliance deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveoxidative stabilityVSAvoidquality specification compliance

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameter of the antioxidant from phenolic to non-phenolic (amine-based) type. This parameter change simultaneously improves oxidative stability while reducing acid number, ensuring compliance with both EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 quality specifications that limit acid number while requiring adequate oxidative stability.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the harmful acidic nature of phenolic antioxidants into a benefit by using basic amine-based antioxidants. These amine-based additives not only provide antioxidant protection but can also neutralize existing acids in the biodiesel, thereby converting a potential harm (acidity) into a benefit (acid neutralization) while improving oxidative stability.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Reliability

If raw materials are selected to minimize unsaturated fatty acids to improve stability, then oxidative stability improves, but availability of suitable raw materials deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveoxidative stabilityVSAvoidraw material availability

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces non-phenolic antioxidant additives as intermediary substances that mediate between the unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils and oxygen. These additives act as sacrificial antioxidants that preferentially react with oxygen and free radicals, protecting the unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation without requiring changes to the raw material composition. This allows the use of diverse vegetable oils including those high in unsaturated fatty acids.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables the biodiesel system to self-protect against oxidation through the addition of autonomous antioxidant additives. These additives automatically detect and neutralize oxidizing species (free radicals, peroxides) in the biodiesel, providing self-service protection that eliminates the need to manually select raw materials based on their saturation content.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The additives significantly improve biodiesel's oxidative stability, bringing it within specification limits and reducing acidity, outperforming phenolic antioxidants in both aspects.

Implementation Method 1

The reaction product of a carboxylic acid and a polyamine, forming imidazoline or tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectCondensation reaction:

Implementation Method 2

simultaneously decrease the acid number

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAcid-base neutralization:

Implementation Method 3

enhance the oxidative stability

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAntioxidant action: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP2401346B1Biodiesel containing non-phenolic additives and thereby possessing enhanced oxidative stability and low acid number

Publication Date: 2014.01.22 DORIVALE HLDG

AI summary

Biodiesel compositions are provided, containing non-phenolic additives that improve the oxidative stability and lower the acid number. The invention further provides non- phenolic additive concentrate compositions and diesel fuel compositions containing the above biodiesel compositions.