Biogas to Liquid Fuel via Transition Metal Catalyst

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Solution Overview

Problem

The increasing need for alternative energy sources and the challenges of disposing of municipal waste, along with the environmental concerns of traditional disposal methods, necessitate a method to derive value from biogas without incineration.

Innovation Solution

Converting biogas into a liquid fuel by passing it through a liquid reaction medium containing a petroleum fraction, under elevated non-boiling temperatures, while using a transition metal catalyst to produce a condensed product that can power engines or machinery.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If biogas is converted to liquid fuel through chemical reaction with petroleum fraction, then energy density and usability are improved, but process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

A transition metal catalyst serves as an intermediary substance that facilitates the chemical reaction between biogas and petroleum fraction. The catalyst enables the conversion process to proceed under milder conditions with higher efficiency, resolving the contradiction by providing a mediating agent that simplifies the overall process complexity while achieving the desired energy density improvement in the liquid fuel product.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of substance

If municipal waste is disposed of through incineration, then volume reduction is achieved, but environmental pollution increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaste volume reductionVSAvoidair pollution
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention converts the harmful act of incineration into a beneficial process by replacing combustion with anaerobic digestion followed by catalytic conversion. Municipal waste that would normally be burned and pollute the air is instead converted to biogas, which then undergoes chemical transformation into liquid fuel. This transforms the harmful disposal method into a beneficial energy production process, simultaneously reducing waste volume and eliminating air pollution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Manufacturing precision

If biogas is processed through catalytic conversion, then fuel quality is improved, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel qualityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and catalyst composition to achieve high fuel quality at reduced cost. By carefully controlling these parameters, the process achieves efficient conversion with minimal energy input and catalyst degradation, thereby improving fuel quality while maintaining cost-effectiveness through optimized operating conditions rather than expensive equipment or materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process efficiently converts biogas into a liquid fuel that exceeds the starting volume of the reaction medium, producing a product that can be used as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels, reducing environmental impact and waste disposal costs.

Implementation Method 1

contacting the reaction medium with a transition metal catalyst

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

The gaseous product that results from the contact contains a vapor that can be condensed to achieve the liquid fuel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentUS7880044B2Conversion of biogas to liquid fuels
Publication Date: 2011.02.01 GUNNERMAN RUDOLF W

AI summary

Biogas is converted to a liquid fuel by passing the biogas through a liquid reaction medium that contains a petroleum fraction in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, and doing so at an elevated but non-boiling temperature.