Bioelectrical Impedance Measurement Mode Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing bioelectrical impedance measurement methods require significant time to stabilize contact impedance, leading to prolonged measurement times and reduced accuracy due to the need for separate stabilization times in four-point and two-point measurement modes.

Innovation Solution

The apparatus switches between four-point and two-point measurement modes by short-circuiting or opening electrodes based on impedance thresholds and time elapsed, using the first and second impedances measured before and after mode switches to calculate bioelectrical impedance in real-time, eliminating the need for stabilization time.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If four-point measurement mode is used to improve measurement accuracy, then measurement precision is improved, but measurement time increases due to required stabilization period

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimpedance measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic switching between four-point and two-point measurement modes. The system alternates between these modes in a predetermined sequence, performing multiple four-point measurements separated by two-point measurements. This periodic action allows the system to maintain high measurement accuracy through four-point mode while using two-point mode to reset and reduce contact impedance stabilization time, thereby reducing overall measurement time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Reliability

If separate stabilization times are allocated for four-point and two-point measurement modes, then measurement reliability is improved, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement reliabilityVSAvoidmeasurement speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs dynamic measurement mode switching where the system transitions between four-point and two-point modes based on predetermined sequences and contact impedance feedback. This dynamic approach allows the system to adaptively allocate stabilization time only when necessary (during mode transitions), rather than requiring separate fixed stabilization periods for each mode. The dynamic switching maintains measurement reliability while significantly improving measurement speed and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Speed

If measurement mode switching is implemented to reduce stabilization time, then measurement speed is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement speedVSAvoidcircuit switching complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines four-point and two-point measurement circuits into a single integrated measurement system. The switching mechanism merges the functionality of both measurement modes into one unified apparatus, sharing common components such as the voltage meter, current source, and processor. This merging approach enables mode switching to reduce stabilization time and improve measurement speed while minimizing the increase in device complexity through component sharing and integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for faster and more accurate bioelectrical impedance measurements by estimating changing contact impedance in real-time, reducing overall measurement time while maintaining high accuracy.

Implementation Method 1

apparatus for measuring bioelectrical impedance... a current source configured to apply a constant current to an object through a first electrode and a second electrode; a voltmeter configured to obtain a voltage applied to a third electrode and a fourth electrode due to the constant current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Impedance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3351169B1Apparatus and method for measuring bioelectrical impedance
Publication Date: 2024.02.28 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • EP3351169B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3351169B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3351169B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An apparatus for measuring bioelectrical impedance includes a current source configured to apply a constant current to an object through a first electrode and a second electrode; a measurement mode switcher configured to switch a measurement mode from a first measurement mode to a second measurement mode in response to a measurement mode switch signal; a voltmeter configured to obtain a voltage applied to a third electrode and a fourth electrode due to the constant current applied to the object; and a processor configured to obtain first impedance based on a first voltage obtained by the voltmeter immediately before start of a measurement mode switch, obtain second impedance based on a second voltage obtained by the voltmeter immediately after completion of the measurement mode switch, and obtain bioelectrical impedance of the object based on the first impedance and the second impedance.