Non-Invasive Biological Component Estimation Using Background Spectra
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing non-invasive methods for monitoring biological components, such as blood glucose, suffer from inaccuracies due to the influence of external factors and lack of reliable calibration, particularly in diabetic patients with fluctuating glucose levels.
Innovation Solution
A wearable device using infrared or Raman spectroscopy to measure spectra from the skin, combined with a processor that removes biological component signals from calibration spectra to generate background spectra, and applies a calibrated prediction model for accurate estimation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If non-invasive spectrum analysis is used to measure biological components, then pain and infection risk are reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to external factor interference
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the biological component signal from the calibration spectrum to obtain a background spectrum. This separation allows the system to eliminate interference from external factors and other biological components, thereby improving measurement precision while maintaining non-invasive measurement benefits
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary calibration by measuring calibration spectra and removing biological component signals before actual measurements. This preliminary action creates a reference background spectrum that accounts for external factor interference, enabling more accurate subsequent measurements
2Device complexity
If traditional calibration methods are used without removing biological component signals, then device complexity is reduced, but reliability deteriorates due to fluctuating glucose levels
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic calibration by continuously removing biological component signals from calibration spectra to update background spectra. This dynamic approach adapts to fluctuating glucose levels in diabetic patients, maintaining measurement reliability without requiring complete system redesign
Solution Approach 2:
The background spectrum serves as an intermediary that mediates between the raw calibration spectrum and the final measurement. By using this intermediate representation with removed biological component signals, the system improves reliability while managing complexity through a structured processing approach
Data Source
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AI summary
An apparatus for non-invasively estimating a biological component is provided. The apparatus may include: a sensor configured to measure a calibration spectrum for a first duration and measure a biological component estimation spectrum for a second duration, based on light returning from an object; and a processor configured to remove a signal of a biological component from the calibration spectrum to obtain a background spectrum for the first duration, and estimate the biological component, based on the background spectrum and the biological component estimation spectrum, for the second duration in response to a command for measuring the biological component.