Biological Filter for Selective T-Cell Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancers, such as multiple sclerosis and hematological cancers, are often accompanied by significant side effects and do not effectively stop disease progression or remove pathogenic T-cells, leading to ongoing disability and economic burden.
Innovation Solution
A biological filter system utilizing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins and antigen peptides to selectively bind and remove pathogenic T-cells from a patient's blood, including a two-stage apparatus for separating white blood cells and a recirculation process to enhance T-cell removal, and a method for producing personalized filters based on a patient's HLA type and disease-specific peptides.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If pharmacological treatments are used for autoimmune diseases, then disease progression is slightly reduced, but significant side effects and toxic effects occur
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes only the pathogenic T-cells from the patient's blood through a biological filter, while leaving non-pathogenic cells intact. This selective extraction approach eliminates the harmful pathogenic cells responsible for autoimmune attacks without requiring global immunosuppression, thereby reducing side effects while controlling disease progression.
Solution Approach 2:
The biological filter is designed with specific HLA proteins and antigen peptides that create local recognition sites for pathogenic T-cells. This localized targeting mechanism allows the filter to specifically interact with and remove only the harmful T-cells, rather than suppressing the entire immune system, thus minimizing harmful side effects.
2Reliability
If global immunosuppression is applied, then autoimmune attacks are reduced, but patients become more prone to infectious diseases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention selectively extracts and removes only the pathogenic T-cells from the blood stream using a biological filter containing specific HLA-protein/antigen peptide complexes. This targeted extraction eliminates the harmful cells without suppressing overall immune function, thereby reducing autoimmune attacks while maintaining resistance to infectious diseases.
Solution Approach 2:
The biological filter utilizes the patient's own HLA proteins and antigen peptides to recognize and capture pathogenic T-cells. This self-service mechanism allows the immune system to selectively remove harmful cells without external immunosuppressive intervention, maintaining natural immune defenses against infections.
3Productivity
If current MS treatments are used, then frequency of attacks is slightly reduced, but disease progression is not stopped permanently
Solution Approach 1:
The biological filter directly removes pathogenic T-cells from the blood, providing a more effective and permanent solution compared to pharmacological treatments that only slightly reduce attack frequency. By extracting the harmful cells, the treatment addresses the root cause of disease progression rather than merely suppressing symptoms.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary removal of pathogenic T-cells before they can cause further damage. By proactively extracting these cells from the circulation, the treatment prevents future attacks and stops disease progression at its source, rather than reacting to attacks after they occur.
4Measurement precision
If personalized filters based on patient HLA type are produced, then T-cell removal specificity is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The biological filter incorporates specific HLA proteins and antigen peptides that are tailored to the patient's individual HLA type and disease-specific antigens. This localized customization creates high-specificity binding sites that precisely target the patient's pathogenic T-cells, improving removal specificity while maintaining a manageable manufacturing process through modular design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively reduces the number of pathogenic T-cells, potentially slowing disease progression and reducing side effects, while allowing non-pathogenic cells to be returned to the patient, thereby improving quality of life and reducing economic burden.
Implementation Method 1
The antigen peptides and the HLA proteins are selected to enable antigen-specific T-cell receptors to bind to a complex of the antigen peptides and the HLA-proteins when T-cells are brought into contact with the complex, thereby securing specific T-cells to the inert surface medium via the complex
Data Source
AI summary
Biological filters for removing target components from biological fluids such as removal of pathogenic cells from whole blood, are described. The filters may include a medium comprising an inert surface, with capture material disposed on the inert surface. The filter may be configured to selectively recognize, capture, and remove target cells such as pathogenic cells associated with a disease, such as an autoimmune disease or cancer. Devices, systems, apparatuses, computer readable media, and methods associated with biological filtering are also provided.