Biological Measurement Using Magnetic Field Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current respiratory monitoring methods, such as chest impedance and flow sensors, are susceptible to physical motions, making them unreliable for patients who can move or talk, and blood gas analysis is invasive and difficult to perform consecutively.
Innovation Solution
A biological measurement apparatus with at least two electrodes and two coils placed to detect changes in magnetic fields related to impedance changes in the body, using AC current to minimize the influence of physical motions and allow for respiratory and cardiac-output measurements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If chest impedance method is used for respiratory monitoring, then measurement precision is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to influence of physical motions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the detection system into multiple independent measurement components: a first measurement component for detecting impedance changes and a second measurement component for detecting magnetic field changes. By segmenting the measurement process, the system can separately address different sources of signal variation and apply appropriate filtering to each component, thereby maintaining precision while improving reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a magnetic field detection component as an intermediary measurement method. This intermediary system detects magnetic field changes caused by respiratory motion, which serve as a reference signal. By using this intermediary measurement, the system can compensate for the effects of physical motions on the primary impedance measurement, thereby maintaining reliability without sacrificing precision.
2Measurement precision
If flow sensors are used for respiratory monitoring, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates for patients who can move or talk
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal respiratory monitoring system that can be applied to both intubated patients requiring precise flow measurement and general patients who can move or talk. By combining multiple measurement components (impedance detection and magnetic field detection), the system achieves multi-functionality, allowing it to adapt to different patient conditions while maintaining ease of operation across all user groups.
3Measurement precision
If blood gas analysis is used for respiratory monitoring, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to invasive blood collection requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical invasive blood collection system with non-invasive electrical and magnetic field-based detection systems. Instead of physically drawing blood for analysis, the system uses electrodes to detect impedance changes and coils to detect magnetic field changes caused by respiratory motion. This substitution eliminates the need for blood collection while maintaining measurement precision, thereby significantly improving ease of operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate respiratory monitoring and cardiac-output measurement on general patients by canceling out magnetic-field signals from current components, reducing the impact of physical motions and allowing for stable detection of breathing and cardiac motions.
Implementation Method 1
a power supply that causes an AC current to flow between the two electrodes
Implementation Method 2
at least two coils that are placed so as to sandwich a line linking the two electrodes, and detect a magnetic field related to a change in the AC current, the change accompanying a change in impedance of the living body
Data Source
AI summary
To perform respiratory monitoring and cardiac-output measurement on general patients, an aspect of a biological measurement apparatus includes: at least two electrodes that are attached to a living body; a power supply that causes an AC current to flow between the two electrodes; at least two coils that are placed so as to sandwich a line linking the two electrodes, and detect a magnetic field related to a change in the AC current accompanying a change in impedance of the living body; and a detection circuit that performs addition or subtraction of signals related to the magnetic field detected with the two coils, and outputs the signals as a change in the impedance.