Biological Component Measurement Device Using Multi-Frequency Modulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing noninvasive biological component measurement systems face challenges in accurately measuring biological components due to insufficient absorption heat transmission at higher adjustment frequencies, leading to degraded measurement accuracy and inefficiency in frequency modulation changes.
Innovation Solution
A biological component measurement device and method that modulate excitation light intensity at multiple frequencies, starting from low to high, to enhance absorption heat transmission and position detection of probe light, allowing for precise measurement of biological components by optimizing the position of the sample on the optical medium.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If the adjustment frequency is increased to improve measurement speed, then the absorption heat transmission becomes insufficient, leading to degraded measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies periodic action by using pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control the excitation light source, alternating between on and off states at optimized duty cycles. This periodic illumination allows the sample to accumulate sufficient thermal energy during the on-phase while the off-phase allows heat to diffuse properly, maintaining measurement accuracy even at higher modulation frequencies. The PWM technique effectively decouples the illumination duration from the modulation period, enabling faster frequency switching without compromising heat transmission.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal based on the selected modulation frequency. When operating at higher frequencies, the system automatically modifies the on-time and off-time proportions to optimize heat accumulation and diffusion. This adaptive parameter adjustment ensures that sufficient absorption heat is transmitted to the optical medium regardless of the modulation frequency, resolving the contradiction between speed and accuracy.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the modulation frequency is changed from high to low, then the adjustment time increases due to optical chopper structure limitations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical optical chopper system with an electronic PWM control system. Instead of using a rotating mechanical chopper that requires physical acceleration and deceleration when changing frequencies, the system uses electronic switching of the excitation light source through PWM modulation. This substitution eliminates mechanical inertia constraints, allowing instantaneous frequency changes without adjustment delays, thereby improving both adaptability and reducing time loss.
3Ease of operation
If the sample position is not optimally positioned, then the absorption heat transmission to the optical medium is insufficient, degrading measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a sample position detection and adjustment mechanism before the actual measurement process. The system uses the probe light to detect the sample's position relative to the optical medium and provides feedback for positioning adjustment. This preliminary positioning step ensures that the sample is correctly aligned to maximize absorption heat transmission to the optical medium, thereby guaranteeing measurement accuracy while providing clear guidance to operators for proper sample placement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables high-accuracy and efficient measurement of biological components by maximizing absorption heat transmission and reducing the time required for frequency adjustments, thereby improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
The infrared light is absorbed by the biological sample to cause the biological sample to generate heat
Implementation Method 2
The absorption heat of the biological sample transfers to the optical medium to change a refractive index of the optical medium
Implementation Method 3
The probe light is totally internally reflected at an interface between the optical medium and the biological sample
Data Source
AI summary
In a biological component measurement device according to the present disclosure, a modulation unit intensity-modulates excitation light emitted from an excitation light source and the intensity-modulated excitation light is incident to an optical medium. The modulation unit switches a plurality of modulation frequencies in order from a low frequency to a high frequency. The plurality of modulation frequencies include a first frequency and a second frequency higher than the first frequency. A light position detector detects a position of probe light when the sample is irradiated with excitation light intensity-modulated at the first frequency and a position of probe light when the sample is irradiated with excitation light intensity-modulated at the second frequency. The biological component acquisition unit measures a biological component of the sample based on the position of the probe light at the first frequency and the position of the probe light at the second frequency.