Biological Information Measurement System Using Phase-Specific Signal Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current biological information measurement systems using pulse photometers are inefficient in quickly and accurately measuring various types of biological information, particularly in distinguishing the effects of arterial and venous blood flow, which limits their ability to calculate concentrations of light-absorbing substances and transit times in blood.
Innovation Solution
A biological information measurement system that emits light at multiple wavelengths, differentiates signals to identify dominant phases of arterial and venous blood flow, and sets processing periods accordingly to calculate concentrations and transit times with reduced calculation loads, allowing for high-speed measurement without the need for invasive indicators.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the conventional pulse photometer method is used to measure biological information, then the measurement can be performed non-invasively, but the measurement speed is slow and the calculation load is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the cardiac cycle into distinct phases (systole and diastole) and processes optical signals separately for each phase. By dividing the continuous signal processing into discrete temporal segments corresponding to arterial inflow and venous outflow phases, the system achieves faster measurement while reducing computational complexity through phase-specific analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary identification of systolic and diastolic phases before conducting detailed concentration calculations. By pre-segmenting the cardiac cycle and identifying dominant blood flow phases in advance, the system prepares data structures and processing parameters that enable rapid subsequent calculation of light-absorbing substance concentrations without requiring complex real-time analysis.
2Productivity
If the conventional method processes the entire cardiac cycle, then comprehensive blood flow information is obtained, but the processing time increases and measurement efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and processes only the essential systolic and diastolic phases from the complete cardiac cycle, discarding redundant information. By taking out the critical phases where arterial and venous blood flow effects are dominant, the system achieves efficient measurement of light-absorbing substance concentrations without the need to process the entire cardiac cycle, thereby reducing processing time while maintaining measurement accuracy.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple wavelengths are used to measure different light-absorbing substances, then measurement versatility improves, but signal differentiation and processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning different wavelength combinations to different cardiac phases and measurement targets. Specific wavelengths are optimized for detecting oxyhemoglobin during systole, while other wavelengths are used for deoxyhemoglobin detection during diastole. This localized wavelength assignment reduces signal processing complexity by matching measurement parameters to specific physiological phases and targets.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent dynamically changes processing parameters including wavelength selection, gain settings, and analysis algorithms based on the identified cardiac phase and target analyte. By adjusting parameters according to the specific measurement context (systole vs. diastole, oxyhemoglobin vs. deoxyhemoglobin), the system achieves versatile multi-substance measurement while keeping processing complexity manageable through context-adaptive parameter selection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and accurate measurement of biological information, including light-absorbing substance concentrations and transit times, by distinguishing between arterial and venous blood flow phases, thereby improving the efficiency of pulse photometer-based measurements.
Implementation Method 1
a photoreception unit outputting a first signal and a second signal depending on photoreception intensity of the first light and photoreception intensity of the second light transmitted through or reflected by biological tissue of a subject
Data Source
AI summary
A light emitting unit emits first light and second light having different wavelengths. A photoreception unit outputs first and second signals depending on photoreception intensities of the first and second light transmitted through or reflected by biological tissue. A processing period setting unit extracts a signal cycle corresponding to the cardiac cycle for the first or second signal and sets a processing period in a first part dominantly affected by arterial blood flowing to the tissue or a second part dominantly affected by venous blood flowing from the tissue in the signal cycle. First and second change amount acquisition units obtain first and second change amounts corresponding to the attenuation change amounts of the first and second light from the first and second signals in the processing period. A concentration calculation unit calculates the concentration of light absorbing substance in blood from the first and second change amounts.