Biological Sample Characterization via Controlled Electrical Signals
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in efficiently identifying characteristics of biological samples in-vivo without causing irreversible damage or requiring reconstruction of the sample.
Innovation Solution
The system provides a plurality of electrical input signals to a biological sample, eliciting corresponding electrical output signals that contain information about the sample's properties. By controlling the electrical input signals, the system identifies general features and sub-features in the output signals to characterize the sample without reconstruction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If electrical input signals are provided to a biological sample to identify characteristics, then information about the sample's properties is obtained, but the sample may be damaged or require reconstruction
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies multiple electrical input signals with varying characteristics (amplitude, frequency, waveform) to the biological sample. By using partial actions (multiple separate signals rather than one strong signal) and analyzing the cumulative response, the system achieves accurate characteristic identification while keeping individual signal intensities below damage thresholds
Solution Approach 2:
The system varies multiple parameters of the electrical input signals including amplitude, frequency, duration, and waveform type. By changing these parameters across multiple measurement cycles, the system extracts comprehensive sample characteristics without requiring high-intensity signals that could damage the biological sample
2Measurement precision
If multiple electrical input signals are provided to identify sample characteristics, then measurement accuracy improves, but the complexity of the system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The signal generation component is designed to perform multiple functions: generating various waveform types (sine, square, triangular), adjusting amplitude and frequency, and controlling pulse duration. This multi-functional design consolidates what could be multiple separate devices into a single universal signal generator, managing complexity while enabling diverse measurement capabilities
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts signal parameters based on the measurement requirements and sample response. The control unit modifies signal characteristics in real-time during the measurement process, allowing adaptive optimization of measurement accuracy while managing system complexity through intelligent control rather than fixed complex hardware
3Loss of information
If electrical input signals are used to obtain sample information, then diagnostic capability is improved, but the time required for measurement increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs periodic electrical input signals with specific frequencies and duty cycles. By using periodic rather than continuous signals, the system efficiently extracts sample characteristics during specific time windows, reducing overall measurement time while maintaining information completeness through repeated periodic measurements
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs measurements continuously by rapidly sequencing multiple electrical input signals with different characteristics. Rather than performing separate discrete measurements, the system maintains continuous useful action by immediately following one measurement with the next, minimizing idle time and reducing total measurement duration while gathering comprehensive sample information
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the rapid and accurate identification of characteristics in biological samples, enabling applications such as health monitoring and control signal generation for electronic devices without the need for sample reconstruction.
Implementation Method 1
providing a plurality of electrical input signals to a biological sample; receiving a plurality of electrical output signals from the biological sample where the electrical output signals correspond to the electrical input signals and values of the electrical output signals are based on one or more electrical properties of the biological sample
Data Source
Figure 1~2A
Figure 2B~3
Figure 4
AI summary
Examples of the disclosure relate to an apparatus for providing electrical input signals to a biological sample so as to provide a plurality of corresponding electrical output signals. The apparatus is configured so that the electrical output electrical signals have passed through the biological sample. This means that the electrical output signals comprise of information about the properties of the biological sample. In examples of the disclosure, the electrical input signal can be controlled so that the electrical output signals comprise of general features and sub-features that enable characteristics of the biological sample to be identified. The use of these general features and sub-features can enable the characteristics to be identified without creating a reconstruction of the biological sample.