Biological Sample Preparation Device with Integrated Fluidics
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for biological sample preparation, such as DNA extraction and PCR, are time-intensive, require skilled labor, and are limited by the need for expensive instruments, making them inaccessible for disease detection in less technological areas.
Innovation Solution
A portable device with a fluidics system comprising cylindrical structures and plungers for sample preparation, followed by integration with a reaction cartridge for PCR, enabling automated and cost-effective sample-to-answer processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional biological sample preparation methods are used, then sample preparation can be performed, but the process is time-intensive and requires skilled labor
Solution Approach 1:
The device divides the sample preparation process into separate functional modules: a first set of containers for initial sample processing, a second set of containers for subsequent processing steps, and a connecting structure with fluidics channels to link them. This segmentation allows automated multi-step processing, significantly increasing productivity while reducing the time required compared to conventional manual methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The device incorporates automated fluid transfer mechanisms through the connecting structure with fluidics channels, allowing the system to perform sample preparation steps autonomously without requiring skilled labor. The automated plunger mechanisms and fluid transfer systems enable the device to execute preparation protocols independently, reducing both time consumption and labor requirements.
2Ease of operation
If conventional biological sample preparation methods are used, then sample preparation can be performed, but expensive instruments and skilled labor are required
Solution Approach 1:
The device merges multiple sample preparation functions into a single integrated unit, combining containers for different processing steps, automated fluid transfer mechanisms, and PCR integration into one portable device. This consolidation eliminates the need for multiple expensive separate instruments while maintaining preparation capabilities, making the technology accessible in resource-limited settings.
Solution Approach 2:
The device employs disposable consumables including single-use containers, plungers, and fluidics channels that can be discarded after use. This approach eliminates the need for expensive, complex, and difficult-to-maintain permanent equipment, reducing both the initial cost and operational complexity while maintaining high preparation quality.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional biological sample preparation methods are used, then DNA extraction and PCR can be performed, but the process is limited by expensive instruments
Solution Approach 1:
The device replaces complex mechanical and electronic instrumentation with simplified mechanical systems, including manual or automated plunger mechanisms for fluid transfer, passive fluidics channels for sample transport, and integrated PCR chambers. This substitution dramatically reduces equipment costs while maintaining the ability to perform DNA extraction and PCR, enabling deployment in resource-limited environments.
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and devices for biological sample preparation and analysis are disclosed. A device may have a linear or circular arrangement of containers, with a connecting structure such as a bar or disk. Fluidics channels between containers allow the performance of different techniques for sample preparation, such as lysing, washing and elution. Different functional elements, such as grinders or mixers, may be attached to the containers.