Biomarker Detection via Antigen Retrieval and Multiplexing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting objects within samples, such as biological fluids, face challenges in efficiently and accurately identifying and imaging biomarkers, which are crucial for analysis, often resulting in suboptimal detection and imaging processes.
Innovation Solution
A method involving antigen retrieval steps, multiplexing with various stains and detection moieties, and amplification techniques to enhance signal detection, allowing for the simultaneous imaging of multiple biomarkers across different channels, and selective labeling to preferentially target specific epitopes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional detection methods are used for biomarkers, then the detection process is simpler, but the detection accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action through antigen retrieval steps performed before detection. The method includes heating the sample to denature proteins and expose epitopes, followed by blocking steps to prevent non-specific binding. These preliminary actions prepare the sample to enhance subsequent detection accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses detection moieties as intermediaries between the biomarkers and the imaging system. These detection moieties bind specifically to target epitopes and provide detectable signals, enabling accurate detection of biomarkers while maintaining a structured detection process.
2Productivity
If multiple biomarkers are detected simultaneously using multiplexing, then the analysis efficiency increases, but the complexity of staining and detection channels increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the detection of multiple biomarkers into separate detection channels, each targeting a specific biomarker with its own antibody-stain combination. This allows simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers while maintaining organized, manageable detection pathways for each target.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a universal detection platform that can simultaneously handle multiple biomarkers through multiplexing. The system employs multiple stains with different optical properties that can be detected across different channels, enabling one system to perform multiple detection functions concurrently.
3Measurement precision
If signal amplification techniques are applied, then the signal-to-noise ratio improves, but the detection time and process steps increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent maintains continuity of useful action by implementing a streamlined amplification process where detection moieties are directly applied after blocking, without interrupting the detection workflow. The amplification occurs continuously as part of the detection sequence, minimizing additional time steps while enhancing signal-to-noise ratio.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables more accurate and efficient detection and imaging of biomarkers, improving the identification of target analytes within complex samples by increasing signal-to-noise ratio and allowing for the simultaneous analysis of multiple biomarkers, thereby enhancing the analysis process.
Implementation Method 1
The affinity molecule is specific to the biomarker and binds or interacts with the biomarker
Implementation Method 2
The detection moiety provides a signal for detection, thereby indicating the presence of another compound or substance
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure relates generally to detection and, in particular, to detecting objects within a sample or fraction thereof.