Biomass Gasification CO2 Recycling System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional biomass gasification methods consume oxygen and natural gas, resulting in low CO2 conversion, high energy consumption, and complex process flows.
Innovation Solution
A method and system that recycles carbon dioxide from biomass gasification by using CO2 as a gasifying agent, employing a sequence of heat exchangers, cyclone separators, and decarburizing towers to produce syngas, which is then processed to yield oil products and separate CO2, with zero oxygen consumption and simple process flow.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If oxygen and natural gas are used as gasifying agents, then the gasification process can proceed, but CO2 conversion is low and energy consumption is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the gasifying agent from oxygen/natural gas to carbon dioxide, fundamentally altering the chemical parameters of the gasification process. This parameter change enables high CO2 conversion (transforming the waste gas into a useful reagent) while reducing energy consumption since CO2 does not require combustion like natural gas
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses the CO2 produced during biomass gasification as the gasifying agent for subsequent processing stages. The CO2 that would otherwise be waste is recycled back into the system, creating a self-sustaining process that eliminates the need for external oxygen or natural gas inputs
2Productivity
If conventional gasification methods are used, then biomass can be converted to syngas, but the process flow becomes complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple process functions into an integrated system where CO2 recycling, syngas cooling, and gasification occur in a unified process flow. The CO2 from exhaust gas is directly fed back to the gasifier, merging what would traditionally be separate combustion and gasification stages into a coordinated system that reduces overall process complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The CO2 serves multiple functions in the system: it acts as the gasifying agent for biomass, provides cooling medium for syngas, and maintains system pressure. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate oxygen supply systems, natural gas injection systems, and CO2 capture systems, thereby simplifying the overall process flow
3Quantity of substance
If CO2 is used as gasifying agent, then material conversion is high and oxygen consumption is zero, but process control becomes challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements a feedback loop where CO2 from the exhaust gas is continuously monitored and recycled back to the gasifier. This closed-loop control maintains stable CO2 concentration in the gasification zone, making process control easier despite using CO2 as the gasifying agent. The feedback mechanism automatically adjusts CO2 flow to maintain optimal material conversion
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves high material conversion with zero CO2 emission, supplements the carbon source, saves material consumption, and allows for easy operation with flexible energy supply forms.
Implementation Method 1
cooling the syngas using a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger in sequence, wherein the primary heat exchanger employs carbon dioxide as a cooling medium whereby preheating the carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent
Implementation Method 2
the secondary heat exchanger employs water as a cooling medium whereby producing vapor
Implementation Method 3
introduced cooled syngas in 2) to a cyclone separator and a gas scrubber for dust removal and purification
Implementation Method 4
allowing purified syngas in 3) to react with the vapor so that part of carbon monoxide of the syngas is transformed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide
Implementation Method 5
decarburizing desulfurized syngas to separate carbon dioxide therein
Data Source
AI summary
A biomass gasification system. The system includes: a) a gasifier; b) a waste heat exchanger; c) a waste heat boiler; d) a cyclone separator; e) a gas scrubber; f) a shift reactor; g) a desulfurizing tower; h) a first decarburizing tower; i) a synthesizing tower; and j) a second decarburizing tower. In the system, the gasifier, the waste heat exchanger, the cyclone separator, the gas scrubber, the shift reactor, the desulfurizing tower, the first decarburizing tower, the synthesizing tower, and the second decarburizing tower are connected sequentially. In addition, CO2 outlets of the first decarburizing tower and the second decarburizing tower are both connected to a cold medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; and a cold medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a gasifying agent entrance of the gasifier.