Biomass-Based Hyperbranched Adsorption Material for Heavy Metal Removal
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current biomass-based heavy metal adsorption materials have low utilization rates due to limited functional group contact with target ions and difficulty in desorbing and reusing heavy metals, especially when dealing with multiple heavy metal ions of varying charges, and they are not easily biodegradable, leading to secondary pollution.
Innovation Solution
A biomass-based hyperbranched adsorption material with multi-adsorption sites is developed using a one-step instant-crosslinking method, incorporating a hyperbranched polymer with chelating atoms of N, O, and S, which is synthesized through an amidation reaction and applied to biomass raw materials like cellulose, enhancing functional group density and allowing simultaneous adsorption and rapid removal of heavy metals like Cr6+, Cu2+, and Pb2+.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If synthetic polymer adsorbents are used, then adsorption capacity is improved, but functional group utilization rate deteriorates due to hard solid structure limiting contact with target ions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the rigid synthetic polymer structure into a flexible biomass-based adsorbent with thin film characteristics, allowing the material to deform and adapt to contact with target ions in solution, thereby improving functional group utilization while maintaining high adsorption capacity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite material by combining biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) with specific functional groups, achieving both high adsorption capacity through diverse functional groups and high utilization rate through the natural porous and flexible structure of biomass
2Device complexity
If traditional biomass adsorbents with single functional groups are used, then simplicity is improved, but adaptability to multiple heavy metal ions deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the biomass adsorbent multi-functional by incorporating multiple types of functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl) that can interact with different types of heavy metal ions through various mechanisms, enabling one material to treat multiple contaminants simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the biomass surface by introducing diverse functional groups with different chemical properties (acidic, basic, neutral), allowing the adsorbent to adjust its interaction mode with different metal ions based on their charge and chemical characteristics
3Strength
If chemical bonding is used for heavy metal ion fixation, then adsorption strength is improved, but desorption energy consumption deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates different local bonding environments on the adsorbent surface, where some functional groups form strong chemical bonds for effective adsorption while others provide weaker interactions that facilitate easier desorption, allowing selective bond breaking with lower energy input
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces dynamic reversibility to the bonding mechanism, where the chemical bonds between functional groups and heavy metal ions can dynamically form and break under different conditions, enabling adsorption under normal conditions and desorption under mild regeneration conditions
4Reliability
If synthetic polymer materials are used, then adsorption performance is improved, but biodegradability deteriorates causing secondary pollution
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adopts a disposable biomass-based adsorbent that can be degraded after use, replacing permanent synthetic polymers with biodegradable natural materials that return to the environment harmlessly after serving their adsorption function, eliminating the need for complex recycling infrastructure
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The material achieves a 100% removal rate of heavy metals within 10 minutes, is biodegradable, and maintains high regeneration performance after multiple cycles, with a regeneration rate of 96% or more after 50 times, addressing the limitations of existing materials by improving adsorption capacity, velocity, and environmental sustainability.
Implementation Method 1
the biomass-based hyperbranched adsorption material with multi-adsorption sites to multiple heavy metal ions
Implementation Method 2
most heavy metal ions fixed on the surface of adsorbent react with the functional groups on the adsorbent in the form of chemical bonds to produce chemical bonds
Implementation Method 3
thehyperbranched polymer containing chelating atoms of N, O, and S is synthesized by an amidation reaction ofhyperbranched polyamine,hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid andhyperbranched polythiourea
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides a biomass-based hyperbranched adsorption material with multi-adsorption sites to multiple heavy metal ions and a preparation method thereof. The biomass-based hyperbranched adsorption material with multi-adsorption sites to multiple heavy metal ions is prepared by one-step instant-crosslinking method using a biomass raw material as matrix and a hyperbranched polymer containing chelating atoms of N, O, and S as functional reagent, wherein the hyperbranched polymer has two or more different adsorption sites (containing elements such as N, S, O, etc.) to heavy metal ions.