Biometric Apparatus Using Brain Activity and Pulse Signals
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing biometric systems require movements from the target person to determine their state, limiting the detectable states and accuracy.
Innovation Solution
A biometric apparatus that uses both brain activity information and other biological signals, such as pulse, perspiration, and body temperature, to determine the state of a target person without requiring movement, employing a light source and image sensor to detect internal and surface reflection components for accurate state assessment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If movements are required to detect the state of a target person, then the detection method is simple, but the determinable states are limited and accuracy is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the detection process into two independent detection channels: one for detecting movements (via image processing) and another for detecting brain activity (via photodetectors and light sources). This segmentation allows the system to determine states without relying solely on movements, thereby improving accuracy while reducing the requirement for target person movements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a multi-functional detection system that can detect multiple states (awake, sleeping, disturbed consciousness) using multiple detection methods (movement detection and brain activity detection). This universal approach enables the system to determine various states without requiring movements, improving both accuracy and ease of operation.
2Adaptability or versatility
If only brain activity information is used, then the system is simple, but the ability to determine various states is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges brain activity detection (using photodetectors and light sources) with movement detection (using image processing) into a unified state determination system. This combination allows the system to determine various states with high accuracy while managing complexity through integrated processing in the signal processing circuit.
3Measurement precision
If multiple detection methods are used, then state determination accuracy is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a nested structure where the brain activity detection system (photodetectors, light sources) is integrated within the broader state determination system that also includes movement detection capabilities. The signal processing circuit nestedly processes both types of data, achieving high accuracy while containing complexity within a unified architecture.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables more accurate determination of a target person's state, including awake, sleeping, or disturbed consciousness, with improved sensitivity and specificity compared to existing methods.
Implementation Method 1
a light source that emits light and penetrates through a skull of the target person to a brain of the target person
Implementation Method 2
a photodetector that detects the light that has been reflected or transmitted by the brain
Data Source
Figure 1A~1B
Figure 1C
Figure 1D
AI summary
A biometric apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure is provided with a first detector that detects and outputs a brain activity signal indicating a state of brain activity in a target person, and a signal processing circuit. The signal processing circuit acquires the brain activity signal, acquires a biological signal of the target person that is different from the brain activity signal, and based on the biological signal and the brain activity signal, determines whether a state of the target person is an awake state, a sleeping state, or a state of disturbed consciousness, and generates and outputs a signal indicating the state of the target person.