Biometric Spoof Detection via Reflection Intensity Variations
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current iris spoof detection methods are inadequate due to the ease of spoofing with high-quality prints, increased costs, and inefficiencies in low-light environments and mobile device usage, which complicates biometric authentication.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing reflection intensity variations by capturing images under different illumination conditions to differentiate between real and fake biometric objects, leveraging existing light sources and sensors to classify objects as real or fake based on intensity differences.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If iris texture pattern analysis is used to distinguish printed iris from real one, then spoof detection capability is improved, but high-quality printed iris can still successfully spoof the system
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameter from static texture pattern analysis to dynamic reflection intensity variation analysis. By capturing images under different illumination intensities and analyzing how reflection intensity changes, the system detects properties that remain consistent regardless of print quality, thereby resolving the contradiction between detecting high-quality prints and maintaining spoof detection capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from static image analysis to dynamic analysis by capturing multiple images under varying illumination conditions. The system analyzes temporal variations in reflection intensity as illumination changes, exploiting the dynamic response difference between real iris tissue and static printed patterns to overcome the limitation of high-quality print spoofing
2Reliability
If additional devices such as infrared camera or depth sensor are used for spoof detection, then detection accuracy is improved, but device cost and complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the existing light source and camera system perform multiple functions: primary biometric capture and secondary spoof detection. By analyzing reflection intensity variations from the same RGB camera under different illumination intensities, the system eliminates the need for separate infrared cameras or depth sensors while maintaining detection accuracy
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses its own existing components (light source and camera) to perform spoof detection without requiring external additional devices. The light source serves both to illuminate the iris for biometric capture and to create illumination intensity variations necessary for reflection analysis, making the system self-sufficient
3Reliability
If movement detection methods are used to detect spoofing, then spoof detection capability is improved, but authentication time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs periodic variation in illumination intensity to elicit periodic reflection intensity variations from the iris. By capturing images at different illumination intensities and analyzing the periodic response pattern, the system detects spoofing without requiring explicit user actions or extended authentication time, maintaining speed while improving reliability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the accuracy and efficiency of biometric spoof detection, reducing costs and improving performance in various lighting conditions while maintaining the convenience of biometric authentication.
Implementation Method 1
a first incident light emitted from a light source at a wavelength with a first set of illumination characteristics
Implementation Method 2
determining a first set of one or more reflection intensity features based on at least a part of the first image
Data Source
AI summary
Apparatus and methods of biometric object spoof detection are configured to receive at least first and second images, including a biometric object, respectively captured at a first and second time in response to a first and second incident light. The first and second incident light is emitted from at least one light source at substantially a same wavelength, but with different sets of illumination characteristics. Further, the apparatus and method are configured to respectively determine a first set and a corresponding second set of reflection intensity features respectively based on at least a part of the first and second images, and to determine a set of reflection intensity difference features based on an intensity difference therebetween. Additionally, the apparatus and methods are configured to classify the biometric object as being a fake object or a real object based on at least one of the reflection intensity difference features.