Biomimetic Superconductive ATP Sensor
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for real-time monitoring of ATP in biological specimens are inadequate due to limitations in accuracy, specificity, and the need for sample preparation, reagents, and external power, particularly in healthcare and space applications, where rapid, accurate, and reagent-free testing is required.
Innovation Solution
Development of nanostructured biomimetic superconductive devices with memristive/memcapacitive properties, incorporating biomimetic Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) structures, which enable direct, real-time ATP sensing at room temperature without antibodies or labeling, using self-assembled organo-metallic cross-linked polymer membranes and Josephson Junctions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional ATP detection methods (luciferase bioluminescent, FISH, HPLC, flow cytometry) are used, then ATP can be detected in biological specimens, but the methods require sample preparation steps, reagents, external power, and do not provide real-time monitoring capability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for external reagents (antibodies, tracers, labels) by integrating the sensing function directly into the superconductive device structure. The biomimetic proteins and organo-metallic complexes are incorporated into the membrane, allowing direct detection without adding external detection reagents.
Solution Approach 2:
The superconductive device serves multiple functions: it acts as both the sensing element and the signal transduction system. The Josephson junction provides ultra-sensitive detection capability while the memristive/memcapacitive properties enable signal processing and memory functions, eliminating the need for separate detection and processing systems.
2Productivity
If conventional ATP detection methods are used, then ATP concentrations can be measured, but real-time monitoring is not achieved due to procedural burdens and lack of continuous measurement capability
Solution Approach 1:
The superconductive device enables continuous real-time monitoring of ATP concentrations through the persistent supercurrent in the Josephson junction. The device maintains continuous measurement capability without interruption, allowing dynamic tracking of ATP levels in biological specimens over time.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical/procedural detection steps with quantum mechanical effects. The Josephson junction utilizes quantum tunneling of Cooper pairs to detect ATP-induced changes in the electromagnetic field, eliminating the need for mechanical sample handling and chemical reaction steps.
3Ease of operation
If luciferase bioluminescent sensor method is used for ATP detection, then real-time assessment of surface hygiene is possible, but accuracy is limited and disinfectant washing steps are required before testing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the detection parameter from optical (bioluminescence) to electromagnetic (supercurrent modulation). The Josephson junction detects ATP through changes in its electromagnetic properties caused by binding events, providing higher sensitivity and eliminating interference from optical factors and disinfectant residues.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces biomimetic proteins and organo-metallic complexes as intermediaries between ATP and the superconductive detector. These intermediaries specifically bind to ATP and transduce the binding event into electromagnetic signal changes detectable by the Josephson junction, enhancing both accuracy and ease of operation.
4Measurement precision
If gene methods are used for ATP detection, then detection limits can be improved to 10 fM ATP, but real-time monitoring is not achieved and procedures become burdensome
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex biochemical amplification procedures with direct quantum detection. The Josephson junction's intrinsic sensitivity to electromagnetic field changes allows detection at ultra-low concentrations without requiring genetic amplification or complex signal enhancement procedures.
Solution Approach 2:
The detection mechanism changes from biochemical signal amplification (gene methods) to direct quantum electromagnetic detection. This parameter change enables both ultra-sensitive detection and real-time monitoring simultaneously, as the quantum effect responds instantaneously to ATP binding events.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The devices achieve high accuracy in detecting ATP concentrations from atto-molar to millimolar levels with minimal imprecision, enabling real-time monitoring and defining immunomodulant concentration effects, thus improving hygiene monitoring and health assessments in healthcare and space environments.
Implementation Method 1
superconductive/memristive sensors having organo-metallic crossed-linking polymer membranes which work at Josephson Junction at the zero-bias potential
Implementation Method 2
biomimetic matrix metalloproteinase (vTMP-2) Sensor 1 at its active state by a heating method to switch 'Off' the cysteine group in the membrane, which is ready for biocommunication with ATP
Implementation Method 3
self-assembled organo-metallic cross-linked polymer membranes
Implementation Method 4
the Cooper-pair waves behave hysterically
Data Source
AI summary
A multiple functioning superconductive device was invented based on Toroidal Josephson Junction (FFTJJ) array with 3D-cage structure self-assembled organo-metallic superlattice membrane. The device not only mimics the structure and function of an activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein, but also mimics the cylinder structure of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP60) protein, that works at room temperature under a normal atmosphere, and without external electromagnetic power applied. The device enabled direct rapid real-time monitoring atto-molarity concentration ATP in biological specimens and was able to define the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory status revealed a transitional range of ATP concentration under antibody-free, tracer-free and label-free conditions.