Electrochemical Biosensor Albumin Detection Mediator
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting albumin and its complexes in biological samples, such as urine albumin, human serum albumin, glycated albumin, and methemalbumin, are challenging due to the lack of electrochemical activity in albumin, which hinders accurate and quantitative measurement, especially in reduced volume samples, and often rely on immunological techniques or complex electrode modifications.
Innovation Solution
An electrochemically active device with a two-electrode member and an albumin-binding receptor is used, allowing for the collection and retention of biological samples, facilitating quantitative measurement through redox current analysis, even in samples without metallic prosthetic groups like glycated albumin, using conductive tracks and electrodes with a receptor layer that can bind albumin and its complexes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If immunological techniques or complex electrode modifications are used to detect albumin, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an electrochemically active receptor (such as hemin or CuCl2) as an intermediary substance that binds to albumin. This receptor mediates the interaction between albumin and the electrode, enabling electrochemical detection without requiring complex immunological techniques or extensive electrode modifications. The receptor layer serves as a bridge that converts the non-electrochemically active albumin into a detectable signal.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the electrode surface by coating it with electrochemically active substances (hemin, CuCl2, or other receptors). This parameter change transforms the electrode from a passive surface to an active sensing interface that can detect albumin through redox reactions, simplifying the overall device complexity while maintaining measurement precision.
2Device complexity
If traditional electrochemical sensing methods are used, then device simplicity is maintained, but measurement precision deteriorates due to lack of electrochemical activity in albumin
Solution Approach 1:
The electrochemically active receptor acts as a mediator that enables traditional simple electrochemical sensors to detect albumin. The receptor (hemin, CuCl2, etc.) binds to albumin and provides the necessary electrochemical activity, allowing the use of straightforward two-electrode or three-electrode configurations without sacrificing measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite sensing interface by combining the electrode material with electrochemically active receptor substances (hemin, CuCl2, or other albumin-binding compounds). This composite structure maintains the simplicity of the electrochemical device while adding the necessary functionality for accurate albumin detection through the synergistic properties of the composite material.
3Quantity of substance
If reduced volume samples are used for albumin detection, then patient invasiveness is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to insufficient analyte quantity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enhances the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor by optimizing parameters such as receptor concentration, electrode surface area, and redox potential. These parameter changes allow the sensor to achieve accurate measurements even with reduced sample volumes (microliter range), as the enhanced sensitivity compensates for the lower analyte quantity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex sample preparation and concentration mechanisms with a highly sensitive electrochemical detection system. The electrochemical method directly detects albumin in small volumes without requiring mechanical concentration steps, thereby maintaining measurement precision while using reduced sample volumes.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables accurate and quantitative detection of albumin bioanalytes in reduced volume samples, providing a point-of-care solution for albumin and its complexes, including glycated albumin, with minimal invasive sampling and rapid results, using electrochemical principles and suitable receptor substances like hemin or CuCl2.
Implementation Method 1
an electrochemically active receptor in chemical contact with the two-electrode members... quantitative detection of albumin and its complexes... by determining redox current values
Implementation Method 2
Electrochemical sensing of albumin is comparatively more challenging than the sensing of metalloproteins... albumin doesn't contain any heme prosthetic group in its structure, so ideally there is no possibility of electron communication between the protein molecule and the electrode surface
Implementation Method 3
an albumin-binding and an electrochemically active receptor in chemical contact with the two-electrode members... albumin-binding receptor is used, allowing for the collection and retention of biological samples
Data Source
AI summary
An electrochemically active device for collecting and retaining a biological sample with a bioanalyte, the device provided with at least a two-electrode member and an albumin-binding and an electrochemically active receptor in chemical contact with the two-electrode members and the biological sample. The present invention also provides a point-of-care biosensor with the device of the present invention and a method for measuring a bioanalyte in a biological sample. The device, point-of-care biosensor and the method of the present invention facilitate accurate measurements concentrations of urine albumin, human serum albumin (HSA), glycated albumin (GA) and methemalbumin (MHA) by determining redox current values in reduced volumes of biological samples.