Biosensor Dual Electrode Signal Subtraction for Glucose Accuracy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional biosensors face challenges in accurately measuring glucose concentrations in body fluids due to interference from substances like ascorbic acid, as it is difficult to distinguish between signal components from enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions, leading to inaccurate glucose readings.
Innovation Solution
The use of a biosensor configuration with two working electrodes, one with an active biocatalyst and the other with a deactivated biocatalyst, allows for the subtraction of non-enzymatic signal components from the response currents, enabling precise measurement of glucose concentrations by utilizing the difference in reaction speeds or areas between the two electrodes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If an interference substance removing film is formed on the electrode to prevent interference substances from reacting, then measurement accuracy is improved, but device complexity increases due to complicated configuration and limited removal capability
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the single electrode system into two separate working electrodes: a first working electrode with active biocatalyst for detecting both enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions, and a second working electrode with deactivated biocatalyst for detecting only nonenzymatic reactions. This segmentation allows independent measurement and subtraction of interference signals, improving measurement accuracy without requiring complex interference-substance removing films.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts and isolates the nonenzymatic reaction signal by using the second working electrode with deactivated biocatalyst. This electrode specifically measures the interference signal from substances like ascorbic acid, which can then be subtracted from the total signal measured by the first electrode, thereby removing the harmful interference without requiring additional filtering films or complex configurations.
2Device complexity
If a single working electrode with biocatalyst is used, then device simplicity is maintained, but measurement accuracy deteriorates due to inability to distinguish enzymatic and nonenzymatic reaction signals
Solution Approach 1:
The single electrode is segmented into two functional electrodes: the first working electrode measures the sum of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions, while the second working electrode with deactivated biocatalyst measures only nonenzymatic reactions. This segmentation enables mathematical separation of the two signal components, achieving accurate glucose measurement while maintaining relatively simple electrode configuration.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the functional parameter of the biocatalyst by using an activated state in the first electrode and a deactivated state in the second electrode. This parameter change allows the same electrode structure and biocatalyst material to serve different measurement purposes, enabling signal separation without requiring fundamentally different electrode designs.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables accurate and precise measurement of glucose concentrations by isolating the enzymatic reaction signal, thereby reducing the impact of interference substances and improving measurement accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
The enzyme (e.g., glucose oxidase) is immobilized on the working electrode. The glucose oxidase produces gluconic acid by selectively reacting on the glucose under an existence of oxygen. Then, the oxygen is reduced, while hydrogen peroxide proportional to a quantity of the glucose is generated.
Implementation Method 2
The hydrogen peroxide can be oxidized electrochemically easily and can be therefore measured by use of a pair of electrodes. Namely, the response current value can be obtained by electrical oxidizing the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme reaction of the enzyme.
Data Source
AI summary
A biosensor includes a first working electrode that a biocatalyst, which has a property that reacts on a specified ground substance, is disposed, a second working electrode that the biocatalyst, which the property is lost, is disposed, and at least one counter electrode for respectively applying a voltage to the first working electrode and the second working electrode.