Biosensor Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer for Leaf Water Potential

The patent replaces traditional mechanical measurement systems (pressure chambers, manual sensors) with an optical sensing system. The biosensor uses fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor fluorophores embedded in a hydrophilic polymer matrix, where the fluorescence signal changes in response to water potential. This optical substitution enables non-destructive, rapid measurements that can be performed on many plants simultaneously, resolving the contradiction between measurement accuracy and throughput capability.

The patent changes the measurement parameter from mechanical pressure to optical fluorescence properties. The biosensor contains a hydrophilic polymer matrix with conjugated fluorophores that exhibit water potential-dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer. By measuring changes in fluorescence emission spectra rather than applying mechanical force, the system achieves reliable water potential data with simpler, less expensive equipment.

The patent implements a non-destructive biosensing approach where the plant itself serves as the measurement medium. The fluorescent biosensor is applied to the leaf surface and remains there, allowing repeated measurements over time without removing or damaging the plant tissue. This eliminates the need for destructive sampling while maintaining complete physiological data collection capability.