Non-invasive Biosensor Detecting Insulin Release via PPG Signals
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current health monitoring methods are invasive, non-continuous, and time-consuming, and lack real-time capabilities for detecting vascular health and conditions affected by vascular responses.
Innovation Solution
A non-invasive biosensor system using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals at multiple wavelengths to detect insulin release events, determine their frequency, and assess vascular health by analyzing spectral responses to determine levels of insulin, vasodilation, and the balance of endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO).
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If invasive health monitoring methods are used, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces invasive mechanical blood drawing methods with non-invasive optical detection using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. The system uses light absorption and scattering properties of blood to detect vascular responses, insulin release events, and metabolic conditions without penetrating the skin or requiring blood samples, thereby eliminating the harmful mechanical intrusion while maintaining diagnostic capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces optical signals as an intermediary medium to detect physiological parameters. By using light as a mediator that interacts with blood vessels and tissues, the system can obtain information about insulin release, vasodilation, and vascular health indirectly through optical properties rather than direct contact or invasion, resolving the contradiction between accurate detection and non-invasiveness
2Duration of action of stationary object
If continuous real-time monitoring is implemented, then duration of action is improved, but use of energy worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic sampling of PPG signals at multiple wavelengths rather than continuous high-rate acquisition. The system captures optical signals at specific intervals and processes them to detect insulin release events and vascular responses, reducing the total data processing load and energy consumption while maintaining the ability to provide continuous real-time monitoring of physiological parameters
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the monitoring function by using multiple wavelengths of light simultaneously, where each wavelength provides specific information about different physiological parameters. This segmentation allows the system to process information in parallel across different spectral bands, reducing the time required for analysis and enabling continuous monitoring with lower cumulative energy expenditure compared to sequential single-wavelength measurement
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables continuous, real-time monitoring of vascular health and conditions, providing insights into insulin release patterns and vascular function without the need for invasive procedures, improving diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.
Implementation Method 1
an optical circuit configured to detect photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, wherein a first PPG signal includes a first spectral response around a first wavelength obtained from light reflected from or transmitted through tissue of a user
Data Source
AI summary
An optical circuit detects optical signals reflected from skin tissue at one or more different wavelengths. A processing circuit integrated with the optical circuit or in communication with the optical circuit identifies an insulin release event using at least one optical signal at a first wavelength. A frequency of insulin release events is determined and in response to the frequency of the insulin release events, vascular imaging or a vascular test is delayed or performed.