Biosensor Electrode pH Modulation via Feedback Control

The patent implements a feedback control system where pH is continuously monitored near the electrode surface using a pH-sensitive electrode or optical sensor. The monitoring system provides real-time pH data to a controller that adjusts the electrochemical reaction parameters (voltage, current, or potential) to maintain the desired pH level. This closed-loop feedback mechanism compensates for variations and ensures reproducible pH conditions across multiple assays.

The patent employs dynamic adjustment of electrochemical parameters (applied potential, current density, or reaction time) to modulate pH in real-time. By changing these parameters based on monitoring data, the system can precisely control pH levels to optimize biomolecular interactions while maintaining consistency across different test sites and experimental runs.

The patent divides the biosensor into multiple independent test sites or micro-reactors, each capable of performing electrochemical pH modulation independently. Each test site contains miniaturized electrodes and can be controlled separately, allowing parallel testing under different pH conditions. This segmentation enables comprehensive diagnostic analysis while keeping each individual test site relatively simple in design.

The patent designs a universal control system that can manage multiple test sites through standardized interfaces and protocols. The same electrochemical principles and control mechanisms are applied across all test sites, allowing the system to handle diverse biomolecular interactions using a unified platform. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity by reusing components and control logic across different test conditions.