Biosensor Reactor Layering for Uniform Resin Density
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional biosensor techniques face issues with non-uniform resin density due to enzyme-resin mixing, leading to measurement inaccuracies and reproducibility problems, as the enzyme can dissolve in regions with low resin density and heat of wetting variations occur due to resin infiltration.
Innovation Solution
A biosensor reactor design where the enzyme and resin are not mixed, with separate immobilization methods such as layered structures or using a holding sheet to maintain uniform density, preventing resin and enzyme mixing and ensuring consistent heat detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the enzyme is mixed with a resin at a practical concentration for a calorimetric sensor, then the enzyme can be immobilized in the resin, but the mixed solution becomes cloudy due to agglomeration of the resin components, leading to non-uniform resin density
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the reactant member into multiple layers: a first layer formed from a mixed solution of enzyme and resin, and a second layer formed from resin only. This segmentation allows the enzyme-containing layer to be separated from the bulk resin, preventing widespread agglomeration while maintaining enzyme immobilization in the first layer. The second layer provides uniform resin density without enzyme interference.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different compositions to different regions of the reactant member. The first layer has a specific composition containing both enzyme and resin at controlled concentrations to achieve immobilization, while the second layer has uniform resin composition for consistent density. This local differentiation resolves the contradiction by allowing non-uniformity only where necessary (in the first layer) while maintaining uniformity in the second layer.
2Reliability
If the enzyme is captured within a mesh structure of the resin, then the enzyme is immobilized, but in regions with low resin density the enzyme can dissolve into the liquid, leading to change in enzyme density and degradation in measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
By separating the reactant member into a first layer (enzyme + resin) and a second layer (resin only), the patent ensures that the enzyme is confined to the first layer where it is properly immobilized. The second layer acts as a barrier with uniform high resin density that prevents enzyme dissolution into the liquid sample, thereby maintaining measurement accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent forms the first layer with enzyme immobilization first, then adds the second layer of pure resin. This preliminary action of creating a stable enzyme-containing layer before adding the protective resin layer ensures that the enzyme is already immobilized and protected from dissolution, preventing later degradation in measurement accuracy.
3Ease of manufacture
If the resin has non-uniform resin density, then heat of wetting varies due to different ease of infiltration of the liquid sample into the resin, but this leads to variation in heat of wetting for each reactant member and degraded reproducibility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent separates the enzyme-containing first layer from the pure resin second layer. The second layer is applied after the first layer is formed, allowing the resin to be applied uniformly without enzyme interference. This segmentation ensures consistent resin density and uniform heat of wetting across all reactant members, improving reproducibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent first forms the first layer with enzyme and resin, then subsequently applies the second layer of pure resin. This preliminary formation of the enzyme layer followed by uniform resin coating ensures that the final reactant member has consistent resin density and uniform infiltration characteristics, eliminating variations in heat of wetting and improving reproducibility.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances measurement accuracy and reproducibility by maintaining uniform resin density, reducing enzyme dissolution and heat variation, and allowing for improved heat detection and measurement stability.
Implementation Method 1
The heat that occurs due to a reaction between the enzyme and the substrate is measured by means of a temperature sensor
Implementation Method 2
heat of wetting that occurs due to the liquid sample infiltrating into the resin
Data Source
AI summary
A container holds a liquid sample containing a substrate to be detected. A reactant member is provided in the inner part of the container. The reactant member contains an enzyme and a resin in a state in which they are not mixed.