Biological Signal Authentication With Body-Part Verification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing biometric authentication methods using biological signals, such as ECG and PPG, are vulnerable to spoofing attacks where fraudulent measurements are used to impersonate individuals, and existing countermeasures are insufficient.
Innovation Solution
The authentication device uses both authentication information and part information to verify that the biological signal is measured from the intended part of the body, incorporating multiple sensors and varying measurement methods to enhance security.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If biometric authentication using biological signals (ECG, PPG) is implemented, then authentication convenience is improved, but vulnerability to spoofing attacks increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the authentication verification into multiple independent segments: (1) verifying the signal is from a living body through respiratory signal detection, (2) verifying the signal originates from the correct body part through part information matching, and (3) performing biometric authentication. This multi-stage segmentation prevents spoofing attacks by requiring all conditions to be satisfied simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary verification actions before the main authentication process. Specifically, it first detects respiratory signals to confirm the subject is alive, then verifies part information to confirm the correct body part is being measured, and only then proceeds to biometric authentication. This preliminary action sequence prevents fraudulent authentication attempts before they can succeed.
2Reliability
If multiple verification methods (respiratory signal, part information) are added to prevent spoofing, then security is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the sensor serve multiple functions: it simultaneously measures both the biological signal for authentication (ECG, PPG) and the respiratory signal for liveness detection, as well as part information for body part verification. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated sensors for each verification type, thereby limiting complexity increase.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple verification processes into a unified authentication flow. The respiratory signal detection, part information verification, and biometric authentication are combined into a single integrated system that processes multiple data types through a unified decision-making algorithm, reducing overall system complexity despite the added security measures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively prevents spoofing attacks by ensuring that the biological signal is measured from the correct body part, thereby enhancing the security of biometric authentication systems.
Implementation Method 1
an ECG, which is a biological signal acquired by measuring the electrical activity of the heart
Implementation Method 2
a Photoplethysmogram (referred to below as a PPG), which is a biological signal acquired by optically measuring the behavior of blood vessels caused by heartbeats
Data Source
AI summary
A signal acquisition unit (21) acquires a biological signal. An authentication information generation unit (22) generates, based on the biological signal acquired by the signal acquisition unit (21), authentication information that differs depending on the individual of a biological body. A part information generation unit (23) generates, based on the biological signal acquired by the signal acquisition unit (21), part information that differs depending on the part from which the biological signal is acquired even in a single individual. An authentication unit (24) performs authentication based on the authentication information generated by the authentication information generation unit (22) and the part information generated by the part information generation unit (23).