Birefringent Film Security Layer for Counterfeit Prevention

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current security measures for preventing counterfeiting, such as banknotes, are not foolproof and lack cost-effectiveness, necessitating a practical and secure method using physically unclonable values (PUVs) for unique identification.

Innovation Solution

A circuit with a physically unclonable function is designed, featuring a first portion that generates a random value and a second portion that hashes it, where the first portion covers the second to prevent access, and an external layer is applied, making it difficult to manufacture another device with the same output for a given input.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional security measures (watermarks, special inks, embossed paper) are used to prevent counterfeiting, then security is improved to some extent, but they are not foolproof and require continual redesign

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecounterfeit prevention reliabilityVSAvoidsecurity feature complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical/chemical security features (watermarks, special inks, embossed paper) with a physics-based optical system using birefringent materials and polarized light. This substitution creates a fundamentally different security mechanism that is much harder to replicate, as it relies on the intrinsic optical properties of crystalline structures rather than manufactured security elements that can be copied or redesigned.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the fundamental parameter of security from visual inspection of static features to dynamic optical response under polarized light. The security feature's appearance changes based on the orientation and stress state of the birefringent material, creating a parameter-based security system that is inherently more reliable and harder to counterfeit than traditional static security features.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If quantum mechanics schemes are used to generate unforgeable money, then security is improved, but practicality and cost are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveunforgeabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing practicality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses inexpensive birefringent materials such as plastic films, cellophane, and polymer structures that can be easily manufactured and integrated into banknotes. These materials are far cheaper than quantum mechanical systems while providing sufficient security through their optical properties. The security feature is embedded directly in the paper structure, making it a cost-effective solution that does not require complex manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from quantum mechanical parameters to classical optical parameters that are easier to measure and verify. By using birefringence and polarized light, the system achieves unforgeability through macroscopic optical effects rather than quantum effects, making the system both practical and inexpensive to implement while maintaining high security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of operation

If a random value generating circuit is made accessible for verification, then verification is simplified, but security is worsened due to potential access and cloning

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverification easeVSAvoidsecurity against cloning
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electronic circuit verification with optical verification using polarized light and birefringent materials. The verification process involves shining polarized light through the material and observing the optical response, which is much simpler and more secure than accessing electronic circuits. This substitution eliminates the security risk of electronic access while maintaining ease of verification through straightforward optical inspection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses thin birefringent films and layers that can be integrated into the banknote structure. These flexible optical elements allow for simple verification through light transmission while being difficult to replicate. The thin film structure provides both the security function and the verification interface, combining simplicity with security in a way that electronic circuits cannot achieve.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures the production of uniquely authentic copies of information, making it hard to duplicate the device's output, thus enhancing security and cost-effectiveness in preventing counterfeiting.

Implementation Method 1

a first portion made of a birefringent material and having a microstructure that is random at a scale below a resolution of a human eye

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBirefringence: Birefringence

Implementation Method 2

an opaque or transparent layer that covers at least a portion of the second portion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption and transmission: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentUS10803374B2Counterfeit prevention
Publication Date: 2020.10.13 MICALI SILVIO
  • US10803374B2 patent drawing
  • US10803374B2 patent drawing
  • US10803374B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A circuit provides a physically unclonable function. The circuit includes a first portion that provides a random value that varies according to an input to the circuit and a second portion that hashes the random value to provide an output value from the circuit. The first portion covers the second portion to prevent access to the random value. A breach of the first portions may alter operation of the first portion in a detectable manner. The first portion may cover a surface of a cube or parallelepiped. The first portion may be wrapped around a parallelepiped a plurality of times to cover each facet thereof from different directions. The output from the second portion may not intersect the first portion. The circuit may also include an external layer disposed on the first portion. The external layer may be glued to the first portion.