Bismuth Azotetrazolate Primer Composition Without Perchloric Acid
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for producing bismuth-based initiating explosives for ammunition are inefficient, costly, and environmentally harmful due to the use of perchloric acid, which poses safety risks and environmental hazards, and lack a suitable substitute that meets the criteria of thermal stability, non-hygroscopicity, and ecological friendliness.
Innovation Solution
The production process is modified to use methane sulphonic acid instead of perchloric acid, optimizing reaction conditions to produce basic bismuth(III) azotetrazolate, ensuring high thermal stability and ecological safety by employing a two-step precipitation method with controlled pH and temperature, reducing perchlorate contamination and simplifying the process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If perchloric acid is used in the production process, then the production of bismuth-based initiating explosive is achieved, but environmental harm and safety risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameter by substituting perchloric acid with methane sulphonic acid in the production process. This parameter change eliminates the harmful environmental effects and safety risks associated with perchloric acid while maintaining the ability to produce bismuth-based initiating explosive through the modified chemical reaction process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces expensive and hazardous perchloric acid with cheaper and environmentally friendly methane sulphonic acid. This substitution reduces both cost and environmental harm, making the production process more sustainable and safe for mass production
2Ease of manufacture
If perchloric acid is used, then the production process is established, but production costs increase and safety risks arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes hazardous and expensive perchloric acid with safer and more economical methane sulphonic acid. This replacement reduces safety risks associated with handling and storage while also lowering production costs, thereby improving both reliability and ease of manufacture
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the harmful properties of perchloric acid into beneficial aspects by using methane sulphonic acid, which provides similar functional properties in the production process but without the safety risks and environmental harm. The methane sulphonic acid process is inherently safer and more environmentally friendly
3Stability of the object's composition
If lead trinitroresorcinate is used as initiating explosive, then stable burning is achieved, but ecological unfitness increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter by replacing lead trinitroresorcinate with bismuth-based initiating explosive. This parameter change maintains the required burning stability and performance characteristics while eliminating the ecological unfitness and environmental harm associated with lead compounds
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite material approach by combining bismuth salt with appropriate energetic compounds to create an initiating explosive that replicates the stable burning characteristics of lead trinitroresorcinate but with superior ecological properties. The composite formulation achieves both performance and environmental compatibility
4Stability of the object's composition
If highly thermal-stable initiating explosives are used, then thermal stability is improved, but sensitivity to stab ignition decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite material formulation by combining bismuth salt with energetic compounds to create an initiating explosive that achieves both high thermal stability and sufficient sensitivity to stab ignition. The composite structure allows the material to maintain stability during storage and handling while remaining responsive to the mechanical impulse of stab ignition
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the chemical composition parameters of the bismuth-based explosive to achieve the right balance between thermal stability and sensitivity. By adjusting the formulation parameters, the material maintains high thermal stability for safe storage while preserving adequate sensitivity to be reliably ignited by the firing pin mechanism
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The new method produces an amorphous, non-hygroscopic, and thermally stable bismuth(III) azotetrazolate that is environmentally friendly, eliminating the need for perchloric acid and reducing production costs, while maintaining sensitivity to stab ignition without the need for additional sensitizers, thus meeting the criteria for safe and efficient mass production.
Implementation Method 1
heating of thus treated solution to the boiling temperature with subsequent precipitation with 3-5 % by weight of aqueous solution of 5,5'- azotetrazolate of alkali metal
Implementation Method 2
heating of thus treated solution to the boiling temperature
Implementation Method 3
leaving the suspension containing the precipitate to cool down to room temperature under stirring
Data Source
AI summary
The invention discloses a method for producing ecological primary explosive - basic bismuth(III) salt of 5,5 '-bis-azotetrazole and its using in ecological mixture for primer compositions of ammunition.