Pentavalent Bismuth Oxide Cathode for Alkaline Battery Energy Density
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Solution Overview
Problem
Primary alkaline batteries lack efficient discharge performance and high energy density, with existing cathode materials like manganese dioxide and nickel oxyhydroxide limiting their capacity and voltage performance.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides, such as Bi(V)-containing metal oxides, into the cathode of alkaline batteries, combined with secondary electrochemically active materials like manganese dioxide and nickel oxyhydroxide, to enhance discharge performance and energy density.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional cathode materials like manganese dioxide and nickel oxyhydroxide are used, then the battery structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the discharge performance and energy density are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite cathode materials combining pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides with conventional materials like manganese dioxide and nickel oxyhydroxide. This composite approach leverages the high theoretical capacity of Bi(V) materials while maintaining the structural stability and manufacturability of proven conventional materials, thereby improving discharge performance without sacrificing ease of manufacture
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional cathode materials like manganese dioxide and nickel oxyhydroxide are used, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the energy density is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameter of the cathode material by incorporating pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides, which have higher theoretical capacity per unit mass and volume. This parameter change directly increases the energy density while the patent maintains compatible manufacturing processes to preserve ease of manufacture
3Power
If pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides are incorporated into the cathode, then the discharge capacity and voltage performance are significantly improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses composite materials where pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides are combined with conventional cathode materials. This approach achieves high discharge capacity and voltage performance while utilizing established manufacturing techniques and battery structures, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity
4Quantity of substance
If pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides are used in the cathode, then the volumetric energy density is increased, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material composition parameter by incorporating pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides with high theoretical capacity, directly increasing volumetric energy density. The patent maintains compatibility with existing manufacturing processes and battery structures to avoid excessive manufacturing complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of pentavalent bismuth-containing metal oxides in alkaline batteries significantly improves discharge capacity and voltage performance, offering higher volumetric energy densities and longer service life, particularly in high-power applications.
Implementation Method 1
the positive electrode contains an electroactive material (such as manganese dioxide) that can be reduced. The active material of the negative electrode is capable of reducing the active material of the positive electrode.
Implementation Method 2
the electrodes are mechanically and electrically isolated from each other by an ion-permeable separator. An electrolyte solution in contact with the electrodes contains ions that diffuse through the separator between the electrodes
Data Source
AI summary
Primary alkaline batteries containing pentavalent bismuth metal oxides are disclosed.