Bit-Stream Perturbation Removal Using Sigma-Delta Signal Replicas
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing measurement and protection systems face challenges in accurately removing perturbation signals from bit streams, which can lead to errors and latency issues, especially in electrically noisy environments, affecting the reliability and speed of response in monitoring and protection functions.
Innovation Solution
The apparatus and method involve processing the output of a sigma-delta modulator to identify and remove perturbation signals from bit streams by forming a replica of the perturbation signal and subtracting it from the original bit stream, allowing for quick and efficient extraction without real-time processing, thereby improving reliability and reducing latency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If real-time processing is used to remove perturbation signals from bit streams, then response speed is improved, but complexity of processing and susceptibility to errors increases
Solution Approach 1:
The perturbation signal is generated in advance based on known characteristics (frequency, amplitude, phase) before being subtracted from the bit stream. This preliminary generation of the perturbation replica eliminates the need for complex real-time analysis and processing, reducing computational complexity while maintaining fast response speed.
Solution Approach 2:
A replica of the perturbation signal is created by copying its known characteristics (frequency, amplitude, phase) and using this replica for subtraction. This copying approach simplifies processing by avoiding direct real-time analysis of the composite signal, reducing computational burden while enabling rapid perturbation removal.
2Loss of time
If high data rate conversion is used to reduce latency, then response time is improved, but susceptibility to bit errors in noisy environments increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex real-time signal analysis and error correction mechanisms with a simpler mathematical subtraction operation using a pre-generated perturbation replica. This substitution of complex processing with a straightforward computational operation reduces latency while maintaining reliability, as the subtraction operation is inherently robust against bit errors in noisy environments.
3Measurement precision
If complex signal processing is used to accurately remove perturbation signals, then measurement precision is improved, but processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the approach from complex time-domain signal analysis to a parameter-based method where the perturbation signal is characterized by specific parameters (frequency, amplitude, phase). By generating a replica using these parameters and performing simple subtraction, the system achieves accurate measurand extraction without requiring complex processing, thus maintaining measurement precision while minimizing processing time.
Data Source
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AI summary
An apparatus is provided which substantially removes a perturbation signal from a pulse density modulated signal representing a combination of a signal to be measured and a perturbation applied to the signal to be measured. The removal of the perturbation is done by subtracting a correcting signal from the pulse density modulated signal. This approach introduces very little delay as it can be implemented by simple logic gates. It also provided enhanced immunity from the effects of bit errors.