Black Level Correction Pipeline Noise Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Black Level Correction (BLC) processing in digital image sensors can result in negative pixel values due to black noise, leading to noise clipping and non-linearity in dark areas of images, especially in high ISO images, which affects image quality and contrast.

Innovation Solution

Performing Noise Reduction (NR) processing before BLC processing to minimize black noise clipping, by maintaining the black level through a series of image data signal processing circuits that execute BLC operations after NR, thus preventing non-linearity in dark areas.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If BLC processing is performed before noise reduction, then black level correction can be applied early in the processing pipeline, but black noise clipping occurs causing non-linearity in dark areas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing efficiencyVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing noise reduction processing before black level correction. The noise reduction is executed in advance on the raw sensor data, removing black noise before the BLC operation. This prevents noise clipping during BLC while maintaining processing efficiency through a structured pipeline approach where NR precedes BLC.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If BLC processing is performed after noise reduction, then black noise clipping is minimized, but processing time increases due to additional processing stages

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage qualityVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the image processing pipeline into distinct functional stages: sensor data acquisition, noise reduction processing, and black level correction. By separating these operations into sequential blocks, each can be optimized independently. The noise reduction stage processes raw data first, then the BLC stage operates on the cleaned data, minimizing noise clipping while maintaining efficient processing through modular architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Reliability

If black level is maintained through processing circuits, then noise clipping is prevented, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage qualityVSAvoidprocessing circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces black level maintenance circuits as intermediary components between the noise reduction and BLC stages. These circuits act as mediators that preserve the black level information throughout the processing pipeline. The intermediary circuits ensure continuous black level reference without requiring complex re-processing, simplifying the overall architecture while preventing noise clipping.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentUS8102444B2Method and apparatus for post noise reduction black level correction
Publication Date: 2012.01.24 QUALCOMM INC
  • US8102444B2 patent drawing
  • US8102444B2 patent drawing
  • US8102444B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Techniques for implementing a Black Level Correction (BLC) processing operation on image data signal pixel values that results in little to no nonlinearity in the dark areas of the image due to black noise clipping, and avoids reducing image quality or adding cost, are provided. Image data signal pixel values are caused to maintain black level while being operated on by image data signal processor circuits that precede a Noise Reduction (NR) processing operation, thus allowing the BLC processing operation to be executed after the NR processing operation. With black noise mostly removed, little to no nonlinearity in the dark areas of the image due to black noise clipping results from the BLC processing operation.