Wind Turbine Blade Flow Separation Control via Fiber Optic Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current wind turbine technologies lack an efficient method to measure flow fields across wind turbine blades, leading to suboptimal performance due to flow separation, which results in reduced lift and torque loss, and existing measurement techniques are not suitable for continuous, automated control systems, especially in harsh environments.

Innovation Solution

A wind turbine system equipped with fiber optic sensors positioned along the blades to measure wind speed, a controller to develop a wind speed profile, and performance adjustment mechanisms like yaw and blade pitch mechanisms to compensate for variations in flow profiles, thereby controlling flow separation and optimizing performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional flow measurement methods (oil flow techniques, cameras, angle of attack instruments) are used, then flow visualization is achieved, but the methods are not suitable for continuous automated control systems in harsh environments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflow field measurementVSAvoidcontinuous operation in harsh environments
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical/optical measurement systems (oil flow techniques, cameras, angle of attack instruments) with a fiber optic sensing system that uses light propagation through optical fibers to detect flow conditions. This substitution enables continuous operation in harsh environments while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces fiber optic sensors as an intermediary between the flow field and the control system. These sensors act as mediators that can withstand harsh environmental conditions while providing continuous flow field data to the automated control system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If no direct flow field measurement is performed, then system complexity is reduced, but aerodynamic performance is suboptimal due to flow separation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement systemVSAvoidaerodynamic efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical measurement systems with fiber optic sensors that provide direct flow field measurement capability. This enables the system to detect and respond to flow separation conditions, optimizing aerodynamic performance without excessive complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback control system where fiber optic sensors continuously measure flow field conditions and provide data to the control system. This feedback enables real-time adjustments to prevent or mitigate flow separation, maintaining optimal aerodynamic efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Device complexity

If whole blade level control is used, then device complexity is minimized, but measurement resolution is insufficient for precise flow separation control

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol systemVSAvoidflow field resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the blade into multiple measurement zones by positioning fiber optic sensors at different radial locations along the blade span. This segmentation enables precise local flow field measurement and control, allowing the system to address flow separation at specific locations without requiring complex whole-blade control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system enables continuous, precise measurement and adjustment of wind turbine performance, enhancing energy capture, reducing system loads, and improving aerodynamic efficiency by detecting and mitigating flow separation, leading to increased power generation and reduced operational costs.

Implementation Method 1

a plurality of fiber optic wind speed sensors positioned along a blade. The controller activates the yaw mechanism and/or the blade pitch mechanism in response to the fiber optic wind speed sensors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiber optic sensing: Optical Fibre

Implementation Method 2

sensing a wind induced strain in the number of fiber optic wind speed sensors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWind induced strain: Deformation

Data Source

PatentEP2273106B1Wind turbine aerodynamic separation control
Publication Date: 2016.09.07 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP2273106B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2273106B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The present application provides a wind turbine system (100). The wind turbine system (100) may include a number of blades (110), a number of wind speed sensors (200) positioned on the blades (110), a controller (190) in communication with the wind speed sensors (200), and one or more performance adjustment mechanisms (180) in communication with the controller (190). The controller (190) activates the performance adjustment mechanisms (180) in response to the wind speed sensors (200).