Wind Turbine Blade Heating Element Repair Layer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for repairing electrical heating elements on wind turbine rotor blades often result in hotspots and coldspots due to defects, leading to uneven heating and potential damage from ice accumulation or overheating, and are difficult to implement in the field due to complex mechanical preparation requirements.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the application of a thermally conductive and electrically insulating repair layer over defects in the heating element, which includes a thermally conductive layer electrically insulated from the heating current, to redistribute heat and maintain uniform surface temperature without affecting electrical conductivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an electrically conductive repair material is applied to restore electrical conductivity in the defect area, then the electrical continuity is improved, but current density increases at contact points creating hotspots

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical continuityVSAvoidhotspot temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

A thermally conductive layer is introduced as an intermediary between the heating element and the electrically insulating repair material. This layer acts as a heat distributor that redirects current paths and dissipates concentrated heat from contact points, preventing hotspot formation while maintaining electrical continuity through the repair structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The repair structure uses a composite of three materials: an electrically conductive layer (same material as heating element) to restore continuity, a thermally conductive layer (graphite or metal foil) to distribute heat, and an electrically insulating layer (fiberglass or plastic) to provide mechanical protection. This composite structure resolves the contradiction by combining materials with complementary properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If complex mechanical preparation is performed to establish electrical contact between heating element and repair patch, then electrical contact is improved, but repair complexity and difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical contact qualityVSAvoidrepair process simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The repair structure is segmented into three distinct functional layers: an electrically conductive layer for continuity, a thermally conductive layer for heat distribution, and an electrically insulating layer for protection. This segmentation allows each layer to be applied independently without complex mechanical preparation, as each layer fulfills its specific function without requiring precise mechanical contact preparation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The thermally conductive layer serves as a mediator that simplifies the repair process by eliminating the need for complex mechanical contact preparation. It provides a forgiving interface that distributes heat and current automatically, allowing the repair to be applied over the defect area without precise alignment or mechanical contact requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Duration of action of moving object

If the heating element operates with defects, then operation continues, but uneven temperature distribution causes cold spots and hotspots leading to damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperational continuityVSAvoidtemperature uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The thermally conductive layer acts as a heat redistribution mediator that compensates for the defective areas. It receives heat from surrounding healthy regions and redirects it toward cold spots, while the increased surface area and heat dissipation prevent excessive temperature buildup at hotspots, restoring temperature uniformity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The repair changes the thermal parameters of the defect area by introducing a thermally conductive layer with high thermal conductivity (graphite or metal foil). This changes the heat flow pattern in the region, increasing thermal mass and improving heat distribution, which compensates for the electrical defect and restores uniform heating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method effectively prevents consequential damage by achieving a substantially uniform surface temperature across the heating element, reducing the risk of ice accumulation and structural damage while being easier to implement than previous methods.

Implementation Method 1

The desired heating effect is created by the ohmic resistance of the heating element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOhmic resistance heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

applying a repair layer to the identified area, which repair layer is thermally conductive

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP2926984B1Method for repairing an electric heating element of a wind turbine rotor blade
Publication Date: 2019.02.20 NORDEX ENERGY
  • EP2926984B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2926984B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Method for repairing an electrical heating element (10) of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following steps: • Identifying an area of ​​the heating element (10) that has a defect (12), • Applying a thermally conductive repair layer (22) to the identified area, which is thermally conductive and electrically insulating at least on one underside facing the defect (12).