Wind Turbine Blade Lightning Conductor Carbon Fiber Ply Connection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Modern wind turbine blades face structural damage and potential catastrophic failure due to flash-overs and mutual induction between lightning conductors and carbon fiber beams, which existing lightning protection systems fail to adequately address.

Innovation Solution

A wind turbine blade design featuring a continuous electrical connection between the lightning conductor and carbon fiber beams through a carbon fiber ply, which provides a large contact surface and structural reinforcement, minimizing the risk of flash-overs and damage by ensuring effective potential equalization and electrical conductivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple cables are used to electrically connect the lightning conductor to the beam, then the electrical connection reliability is improved, but the device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical connection reliabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple separate electrical connection cables into a single integrated carbon fiber ply that provides continuous electrical connection between the lightning conductor and the beam. This consolidation maintains electrical connection reliability while significantly reducing device complexity and the number of components required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The carbon fiber ply acts as an intermediary element that provides both structural reinforcement and electrical connection functionality. Instead of using multiple separate cables, the ply serves as a mediating structure that simultaneously achieves mechanical strengthening and electrical conductivity between the lightning conductor and beam.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If a metal connection is provided between the lightning conductor and the beam, then the electrical conductivity is improved, but the risk of flash-overs and structural damage increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical conductivityVSAvoidflash-overs and structural damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite material for the ply, which provides both electrical conductivity and structural strength. This composite material replaces traditional metal connections, maintaining the necessary electrical properties while eliminating the harmful effects of metal-to-carbon arcing and flash-overs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the material parameter from metal to carbon fiber composite, fundamentally altering the electrical and mechanical properties of the connection. This parameter change maintains electrical conductivity while eliminating the specific harmful effects associated with metal connections, such as arcing and thermal damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Strength

If a heavy metal ply is used to connect the lightning conductor to the beam, then the electrical connection and structural reinforcement are improved, but the blade weight increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural reinforcementVSAvoidblade weight
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite material instead of solid metal for the ply. This composite material provides equivalent or superior structural reinforcement and electrical conductivity while significantly reducing the weight compared to traditional metal plies, thereby improving the blade's overall performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The carbon fiber ply is strategically placed and oriented to provide reinforcement and electrical connection only where needed - between the lightning conductor and the beam. This localized application of high-strength, conductive material achieves the necessary structural and electrical properties without adding unnecessary weight throughout the entire blade structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Reliability

If a complex multi-component connection system is used, then the electrical connection reliability is improved, but the manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical connection reliabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple separate components (lightning conductor, electrical connection cables, structural reinforcement elements) into a single integrated carbon fiber ply. This merging simplifies the manufacturing process by reducing the number of assembly steps, components to manage, and potential failure points, while maintaining reliable electrical and structural functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution reduces the risk of structural damage to the beams, simplifies the manufacturing process, and enhances the blade's structural integrity by providing a reliable and efficient electrical connection without the need for multiple cables, while maintaining a lightweight and aerodynamic design.

Implementation Method 1

a ply (22) comprising carbon fibers, wherein the ply is attached to both the lightning conductor (21) and the first beam (19) for electrically connecting the lightning conductor (21) to the first beam (19)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conductivity: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

When a lightning strike is intercepted by the lightning protection system, the electrical current is transferred to the ground by means of the lightning conductor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLightning protection: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

The ply may be designed as structural improvement of the web. Hence, only minor adjustments of a wind turbine blade manufacturing process are required

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectComposite material reinforcement: Composite Materials

Data Source

PatentEP3483424B1A wind turbine blade and a wind turbine
Publication Date: 2023.07.26 SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY AS
  • EP3483424B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3483424B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3483424B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

Wind turbine blade (5) for a wind turbine (1), comprising a web (18) extending along a longitudinal direction (L) of the blade (5), an electrically conductive beam (19) extending along the longitudinal direction (L) of the blade (5) and being connected to the web (18), a lightning conductor (21) extending along the longitudinal direction (L) of the blade (5) and being attached to the web (18), and a ply (22) comprising carbon fibers, wherein the ply (22) is attached to both the lightning conductor (21) and the beam (19) to electrically connect the lightning conductor (21) to the beam (19). This has the advantage that an extensive and a continuous electrical connection between the lightning conductor (21) and the beam (19) is provided and that a plurality of cables electrically connecting the lightning conductor (21) with the beam (19) may be substituted.