Wind Turbine Blade Radar Signature Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Wind turbine blades, especially those made of composite sandwich materials, cause significant electromagnetic disturbances to radars due to their reflection of radar signals, which existing solutions fail to adequately address, leading to increased costs and complexity in adapting matching circuits for homogeneous walls.

Innovation Solution

A wind turbine blade with a hollow shell featuring a sandwich-type wall composed of two dielectric composite skins separated by a low dielectric constant core, equipped with an adaptation circuit that varies the electrical distance between the skins to reduce the radar equivalent surface, making the blade transparent in specific frequency bands, using inductive or capacitive behavior and susceptance to loop back radar waves to a central point of conductance 1 and susceptance 0, and employing flexible printed circuits with periodic metal patterns.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If matching circuits with quasi-periodic metal patterns are applied to each skin of sandwich-type material, then radar transparency is improved, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradar reflectionVSAvoidnumber of matching circuits
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the matching circuit functions into a single layer positioned between the two skins of the sandwich structure, rather than applying separate matching circuits to each skin. This consolidation reduces the total number of matching circuits required while maintaining the radar transparency effect through the combined electrical distance adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The single matching circuit layer serves multiple functions: it adjusts the electrical distance for both skins simultaneously, provides a unified interface for radar wave interaction, and simplifies the overall structure. This multi-functional approach reduces complexity while achieving the same radar transparency objective.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Ease of manufacture

If the blade wall is made of homogeneous dielectric material, then manufacturing is simpler, but radar transparency is harder to achieve compared to sandwich structure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblade manufacturingVSAvoidradar reflection
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs sandwich-type composite material consisting of two dielectric composite skins with different dielectric constants separated by a core layer. This composite structure enables radar transparency by allowing independent optimization of each skin's electrical properties, achieving better radar performance than homogeneous materials while maintaining manufacturing feasibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Object-affected harmful factors

If adaptation circuits are added to reduce radar equivalent surface, then radar interference is reduced, but manufacturing cost and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradar interferenceVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies matching circuits only in specific localized areas between the skins where radar wave interaction is most significant, rather than covering the entire blade surface. This localized approach reduces the total amount of matching circuit material and manufacturing complexity while effectively reducing radar interference in the critical zones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively reduces the radar equivalent surface of the blade, achieving a reduction in reflection coefficients by more than 15 dB in specific frequency bands, thereby minimizing radar interference and reducing the number of matching circuits needed, thus lowering costs and simplifying the adaptation process.

Implementation Method 1

making it possible to reduce the radar equivalent surface of the blade by making said blade transparent in the frequency band of a radar near which said blade is intended to be installed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic transparency:

Implementation Method 2

a wall of the sandwich type, this wall being made up of at least two dielectric composite skins separated by a core made of a material of low dielectric constant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric property: Dielectric

Implementation Method 3

comprises at least one adaptation circuit with inductive or capacitive behavior positioned inside the core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInductive behavior: Inductor

Implementation Method 4

comprises at least one adaptation circuit with inductive or capacitive behavior positioned inside the core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitive behavior: Capacitance

Implementation Method 5

The susceptance of the adaptation circuit making it possible to globally adapt the sandwich-type wall is given by...

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSusceptance:

Implementation Method 6

employing flexible printed circuits with periodic metal patterns

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPeriodic pattern:

Data Source

PatentEP2463515B1Wind-turbine blade with reduced radar signature and wind turbine provided with such a blade
Publication Date: 2015.09.09 INEO DEFENSE
  • EP2463515B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP2463515B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6b
  • EP2463515B1 patent drawingFigure 7a~7d

AI summary

The blade (1) has a hollow hull (2) locally provided with a sandwich type wall (2.1) having dielectric composite skins (7.1, 7.2) separated by a core (9) made of a low dielectric constant material. A capacitive or inductive behavior adaptation circuit is positioned within the core to reduce a radar equivalent surface of the blade by making the blade transparent in the frequency band of a radar at the proximity of which the blade is installed. The adaptation circuit is formed by low thickness flexible printed circuits i.e. epoxy glass circuits, on which metal tracks are etched.