Gas Turbine Blade Root Inlet Orifice Cooling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current gas turbine engine blade cooling systems face challenges in effectively distributing cooling air to reduce stress and thermal loads, particularly in the root and platform areas, which can lead to inefficiencies and potential damage due to centrifugal forces and complex casting requirements.

Innovation Solution

The design incorporates an inlet orifice located at 50% span or greater on the root's forward axial face, with a cooling passage that extends to outlet orifices on the gaspath side, featuring a serpentine section that turns at least 180° within the platform, facilitating stress reduction and efficient cooling by allowing cooling air to exit aft of the trailing end of the airfoil.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If cooling air is introduced at the root of the blade, then cooling effectiveness in the root area is improved, but centrifugal forces cause poor distribution of cooling air to the platform and forward section

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidcooling air distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of introducing cooling air at the root and relying on centrifugal force to distribute it outward, the invention reverses the approach by introducing cooling air at the forward face (platform area) where it is needed, allowing the cooling air to naturally follow the gas flow direction and reach the root area without being hindered by centrifugal forces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces the mechanical reliance on centrifugal force for cooling air distribution with a flow-aligned approach where cooling air is introduced in the direction of the main gas flow, allowing aerodynamic forces to naturally distribute the cooling air throughout the blade structure without being opposed to centrifugal effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Temperature

If complex casting is used to accommodate cooling passages, then cooling coverage is improved, but manufacturing complexity and potential clogging increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling coverageVSAvoidcasting complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention concentrates the cooling function at the critical forward face and platform area where thermal loads are highest, rather than distributing complex cooling passages throughout the entire blade. The single inlet orifice and associated cooling passage provide targeted cooling where it is most needed, simplifying the overall casting design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts the cooling function from the complex internal passage system and implements it through a simple inlet orifice on the forward face, separating the cooling air introduction function from the blade's structural casting and reducing manufacturing complexity while maintaining effective cooling coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Temperature

If inlet orifice is positioned at the root, then cooling access is improved, but stress concentrations and thermal loads increase in critical areas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling accessVSAvoidstress concentration
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of placing the inlet orifice at the root as conventionally done, the invention inverts the approach by positioning it at the forward face, allowing cooling air to be introduced at the location of highest thermal load while avoiding stress concentration issues at the root attachment area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention places the inlet orifice specifically at the forward face where thermal loads are most severe, providing localized cooling access exactly where needed without introducing stress concentrations in the root area where structural integrity is critical.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enhances cooling efficiency by reducing stress and thermal loads, minimizing the need for complex casting and preventing clogging, while ensuring effective heat transfer and film cooling across the blade's surface.

Implementation Method 1

a cooling passage (78) within the root (68), the cooling passage (78) having an inlet (76) at a forward axial face (70) of the root (68)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 2

enhances cooling efficiency by reducing stress and thermal loads

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 3

the cooling passage includes a serpentine section within the platform... the serpentine section turns at least 180°

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow: Convection

Implementation Method 4

the outlet orifices open on the gaspath side of the platform, aft of the trailing end of the airfoil... ensuring effective heat transfer and film cooling across the blade's surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFilm cooling: Boundary Layer

Data Source

PatentEP3556996B1Blade with inlet orifice on forward face of root
Publication Date: 2021.06.02 RTX CORP
  • EP3556996B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3556996B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3556996B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A gas turbine engine article includes a blade that has a platform, and airfoil, and a root. The platform has a gaspath side and a non-gaspath side. The airfoil extends radially from the gaspath side of the platform and defines a leading end and a trailing end. The root is configured to secure the blade. The root extends radially from the non-gaspath side of the platform and defines forward and aft axial faces. There is an inlet orifice in the forward axial face. A cooling passage extends from the inlet orifice, through the root, and into the platform.