Vehicle Access Using BLE and UWB Sensor Fusion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging for vehicle access is affected by shielding and blocking, and has high energy consumption, which negatively impacts user experience and the ability to change the central locking system without localization.

Innovation Solution

Combining Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) sensor data with UWB sensor data to determine the position of user equipment, activating the UWB sensor only when necessary, and utilizing different propagation characteristics to reduce the impact of blocking and shadowing effects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If UWB ranging is used to determine position for vehicle access, then positioning accuracy is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses periodic action by first employing BLE for coarse positioning and then activating UWB only when the UE enters a predefined spatial area. This periodic/conditional activation of the high-power UWB sensor based on triggering conditions (entry into proximity zone) reduces overall energy consumption while maintaining accurate positioning when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

BLE serves as an intermediary sensor that performs initial positioning and triggers UWB activation only when necessary. The BLE sensor mediates between the low-accuracy/low-power and high-accuracy/high-power positioning modes, optimizing the balance between energy consumption and positioning precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If UWB sensor is continuously activated for accurate positioning, then positioning accuracy is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidenergy loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The UWB sensor operates periodically rather than continuously, activating only when BLE detects the UE within the predefined spatial area. This periodic operation based on triggering events significantly reduces energy loss while maintaining positioning accuracy during critical access moments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

BLE performs preliminary positioning assessment before activating UWB. By pre-screening UE position using low-power BLE, the system avoids unnecessary UWB activation and associated energy loss, only engaging UWB when the preliminary check indicates potential vehicle access intent.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Use of energy by moving object

If only BLE sensor is used for positioning, then energy consumption is reduced, but positioning accuracy deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoidpositioning accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The positioning system is segmented into two stages: coarse positioning using BLE and fine positioning using UWB. Each sensor handles the positioning task appropriate to its capabilities, with BLE providing initial location assessment and UWB providing precise positioning when needed, optimizing both energy consumption and accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically switches between BLE-only and combined BLE-UWB positioning based on real-time conditions. When UE is far from the vehicle, only BLE operates; when UE enters the predefined spatial area, UWB activates to provide enhanced accuracy for access determination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Measurement precision

If UWB ranging is used, then positioning accuracy is improved, but susceptibility to shielding and blocking increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidshielding and blocking effects
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges BLE and UWB positioning data to compensate for UWB's susceptibility to shielding and blocking. BLE signals, operating at different frequencies and propagation characteristics, provide alternative path information that can overcome obstacles blocking UWB signals, maintaining reliable positioning accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The positioning system uses a composite approach combining two different sensing technologies (BLE and UWB) with different propagation characteristics. This composite sensing strategy leverages the complementary strengths of each technology to overcome the weaknesses of individual sensors, particularly UWB's vulnerability to shielding and blocking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Data Source

PatentEP4335704A1Methods for permitting an access to a vehicle, apparatus, vehicle and computer program
Publication Date: 2024.03.13 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • EP4335704A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4335704A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4335704A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Embodiments relate to method 100 for permitting an access to a vehicle. The method comprises obtaining 110 first sensor data indicative of a position of user equipment configured to unlock the vehicle from a Bluetooth low energy sensor and determining 120 a first position of the user equipment relative to the vehicle based on the first sensor data. The method 100 further comprises activating 130 an ultra-wide band sensor based on the determined first position and obtaining 140 second sensor data indicative of a position of the user equipment from the ultra-wide band sensor. The method 100 further comprises determining 150 a second position of the user equipment relative to the vehicle based on the second sensor data and permitting 160 an access to the vehicle based on the second position of the user equipment.