Blind Quantum Computing Protocol Using Semi-Classical Light Pulses
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing protocols for blind delegated quantum computations face challenges in converting semi-classical light pulses into qubits while preserving their properties, entangling these qubits, and amplifying security, particularly due to the need for costly single-photon detectors and the leakage of information in semi-classical light communications.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a client and a cloud computing service provider where the client emits attenuated laser pulses with specific quantum states, which are converted into photonic qubits by a quantum emitter, entangled, and used for computations, ensuring privacy and security through a novel protocol that requires only semi-classical light communication and uses a quantum emitter as a 'pulse-to-photonic-qubit converter', achieving unconditional security.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the client sends qubit states to the server as in the original UBQC protocol, then the privacy of the computation is preserved, but the technical requirements for the client become very high requiring manipulation of single photons and qubit systems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces semi-classical light (attenuated laser pulses) as an intermediary between the client's computational intent and the quantum server. Instead of directly manipulating and sending complex qubit states, the client encodes instructions in semi-classical light properties (phase, amplitude), which the server then converts into quantum operations. This intermediary representation simplifies client requirements while preserving computational privacy through quantum encryption mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical manipulation of single photons and qubit systems at the client side with optical manipulation of attenuated laser pulses. Semi-classical light communication substitutes for direct quantum state preparation and transmission, reducing the need for complex quantum optical components at the client while maintaining the essential quantum cryptographic properties needed for privacy preservation.
2Device complexity
If the client uses attenuated laser pulses for semi-classical light communication, then the technical requirements are reduced, but the server must perform quantum non-demolition measurements which are hard to realise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the traditional measurement approach. Instead of requiring the server to perform difficult quantum non-demolition measurements on incoming laser pulses to extract quantum information, the protocol is designed so that the server uses the semi-classical light to prepare quantum states through controlled emission processes. The measurement burden is shifted to standard quantum state preparation operations that are more readily implementable with current technology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a quantum emitter that acts as a 'pulse-to-photonic-qubit converter,' copying the information encoded in semi-classical light pulses into photonic qubit states. The quantum emitter receives the attenuated laser pulse and generates a corresponding single-photon qubit state that carries the encoded information in a form suitable for quantum computation, avoiding the need for direct QND measurement of the incoming pulse.
3Productivity
If the server isolates single photons from laser pulses and entangles qubits, then quantum computation can be performed, but the protocol lacks specification for implementation and security must be enhanced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent describes a universal protocol framework that can implement various quantum computations through a standardized interface. The quantum emitter and semi-classical light communication system provide a multi-functional platform that can perform different quantum algorithms and operations through controlled variations of the basic protocol steps, reducing implementation complexity through reuse of core components and procedures across different computational tasks.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method simplifies the implementation of blind delegated quantum computing by reducing technological requirements, enhancing privacy, and providing unconditional security, making it practical for large-scale quantum computations without the need for mutual trust or complex legal agreements.
Implementation Method 1
the quantum emitter (20) emits a single photon (21) supporting a photonic qubit (Q2)
Data Source
Figure 1A~3
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Figure 7A~12
AI summary
The invention concerns a method for enhancing the privacy of delegated quantum computations, involving: a client (A) whose aim is to solve a computational problem based on sensitive data and/or using a sensitive algorithm, and a cloud computing service provider (B) who has quantum computing capacities superior to the client (A) and is therefore capable of solving the problem and/or running the client's desired algorithm; wherein the method comprises a sequence including the following steps: a) a light emitter (10) controlled by the client (A) emits at least one pulse (11) having a specific quantum state (S1), b) a quantum emitter (20) controlled by the provider (B) receives the pulse (11), c) the quantum emitter (20) emits a single photon (21) supporting a photonic qubit (Q2), with a relationship being defined between the quantum state (S1) of the pulse (11) and the photonic qubit (Q2). The invention also concerns a system for implementing this method.