Ultrasonic NDE for Friction-Welded Blisk Defect Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods are inadequate for inspecting the complex geometry of friction welded bladed discs (blisks), failing to effectively detect material defects such as lack of bonding, cracks, or foreign inclusions due to limited accessibility.

Innovation Solution

The use of ultrasonic NDE methods, specifically employing electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs), LASER Assisted Ultrasonic (LAUT) techniques, and phased array ultrasonics with non-linear ultrasonic drivers to scan and analyze the structural integrity of blisks, including identifying interfaces and grain size distribution, enabling comprehensive subsurface and bulk inspections.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional NDE methods are used to inspect friction welded blisks, then the inspection process is simple and accessible, but the detection capability for material defects is inadequate due to complex geometry

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection capabilityVSAvoidinspection method complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The inspection process is divided into multiple sequential steps: initial visual inspection, followed by selective ultrasonic testing of identified regions, and finally detailed phased array examination of suspicious areas. This segmentation allows comprehensive defect detection while managing overall process complexity through staged assessment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from surface-level visual inspection to subsurface ultrasonic examination, adding a depth dimension to the inspection. Ultrasonic waves penetrate into the material volume, enabling detection of internal defects that conventional surface methods cannot access in complex geometries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Reliability

If ultrasonic NDE methods are used to detect material defects in blisks, then structural integrity can be verified, but the inspection time and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrity verificationVSAvoidinspection time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Visual inspection and surface examination are performed first to identify regions of interest before applying time-consuming ultrasonic testing. This preliminary screening reduces the total inspection time by focusing detailed ultrasonic examination only on areas suspected of containing defects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces manual visual inspection with automated ultrasonic testing systems that can quickly scan large areas. The substitution of mechanical/optical methods with acoustic field-based ultrasonic inspection improves efficiency and reliability while managing time constraints.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If friction welding is used to join blades to disc, then manufacturing efficiency is improved, but structural stiffness and bonding reliability may be insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing efficiencyVSAvoidjoining stiffness
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

Ultrasonic inspection provides immediate feedback on the quality of friction weld joints, allowing real-time assessment of bonding strength and stiffness. This feedback mechanism enables verification of weld quality without waiting for operational failure, ensuring that productivity gains do not compromise structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical strength testing (which would require destructive sampling) with non-destructive ultrasonic testing. This substitution allows verification of joining strength and stiffness while maintaining production efficiency and avoiding damage to test specimens.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

These methods provide thorough inspections of friction-welded blisk regions, ensuring structural integrity by detecting defects and anomalies, improving the reliability of blisk manufacturing processes and reducing the need for costly repairs.

Implementation Method 1

electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

ultrasonic NDE methods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic wave propagation: Ultrasound

Implementation Method 3

LASER Assisted Ultrasonic (LAUT) techniques

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Implementation Method 4

LASER Assisted Ultrasonic (LAUT) techniques

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 5

phased array ultrasonics

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic wave interference: Ultrasound

Implementation Method 6

phased array ultrasonics

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConstructive interference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP2664915B1Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation methods for friction-welded blisks
Publication Date: 2020.03.18 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP2664915B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP2664915B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2664915B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

The disclosed embodiments generally relate to non-destructive evaluation methods. More particularly, the disclosed embodiments relate to ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation methods for the evaluation of friction welded bladed discs ("blisks"). In an embodiment, a method for non-destructive evaluation of a bladed disc structure includes identifying a region of interest on the bladed disc structure; positioning an ultrasonic transducer and receiver in the region of interest; scanning the region of interest using the ultrasonic transducer and receiver to produce a scan image; and comparing the scan image against a reference image to determine the presence of an anomaly in the region of interest.