Blockchain ACARS Node Consensus Validation

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Aircraft communication systems are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks, and existing technologies lack effective mechanisms to securely validate and authenticate communications between ground stations and aircraft, particularly in decentralized networks.

Innovation Solution

A blockchain-based system is implemented, utilizing a network of nodes with asymmetric cryptography to securely communicate, where control nodes validate privileged actions by broadcasting blockchain records, receiving votes, determining consensus, and publishing the results to ensure secure communication and key management, including secure inter-node communication, node registration, key revocation, and rekeying.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional ACARS communication systems are used, then communication functionality is maintained, but the system is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks and lacks effective authentication mechanisms

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecommunication securityVSAvoidsystem architecture
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments communication into privileged and non-privileged actions, with control nodes handling privileged actions requiring consensus validation. This segmentation allows traditional ACARS communication to continue for non-privileged operations while adding blockchain-based security only where needed, resolving the contradiction between security improvement and system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Control nodes act as intermediaries between regular ACARS communication and the blockchain ledger. They validate privileged actions by broadcasting to the network and receiving consensus votes, thereby mediating between traditional communication protocols and the new security mechanism without requiring complete system redesign.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If blockchain consensus validation is implemented for privileged actions, then authentication security is enhanced, but communication overhead and validation time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication securityVSAvoidvalidation time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system applies blockchain consensus validation only to privileged actions rather than all communications. Non-privileged ACARS messages pass through without consensus overhead, thereby reducing the overall time loss while maintaining enhanced security where it is most needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

Control nodes pre-validate sender identities and maintain local copies of the blockchain ledger, allowing them to quickly verify consensus status without requiring real-time full network validation for each privileged action. This preliminary preparation reduces validation time while maintaining security.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If control nodes broadcast blockchain records for validation, then consensus-based security is achieved, but network communication load increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconsensus validationVSAvoidnetwork communication load
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The network is segmented into control nodes that handle blockchain validation and regular ACARS nodes that perform traditional communication. This segmentation concentrates the communication load for consensus validation on a subset of nodes rather than requiring all nodes to participate in every validation process, reducing overall network energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP3541045B1Blockchain fortified aircraft communications addressing and reporting system (ACARS) communication
Publication Date: 2021.05.05 THE BOEING CO
  • EP3541045B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3541045B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3541045B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems for and methods of securely communicating between a ground station and an aircraft are presented. The communications are among a plurality of nodes, including a ground based node and a plurality of aircraft based nodes. Each node stores at least a respective portion of a blockchain representing interactions among at least some of the nodes. Control nodes may initiate a privileged network action by: broadcasting to the plurality of control nodes a blockchain record representing the privileged network action, receiving from control nodes a plurality of votes representing validation results of the privileged network action, determining that a consensus from the control node votes indicates that the privileged action is permissible, and publishing to respective blockchain portions of each of the plurality of nodes a derivation of the blockchain record representing the privileged action, where the system implements the privileged action based on the determining.