Blood Analyzer Optical Detection for Rapid APL Identification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blood analyzers struggle to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of hematological malignancies, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), due to limitations in differentiating light scattered characteristics of mature and immature white blood cells, leading to inaccurate and delayed treatment plans.
Innovation Solution
A blood analyzer that includes a specimen aspiration device, a sample preparation device with a hemolytic agent and fluorescent dye, and an optical detection device to differentiate light scattered characteristics of mature and immature white blood cells, using scattered light and fluorescence information to identify abnormal promyelocytes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If blood routine tests are used for rapid detection, then detection speed is improved, but measurement precision and diagnostic accuracy deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by utilizing multiple optical parameters (light scattered characteristics, fluorescence intensity, forward scattered light, side scattered light) simultaneously to differentiate between mature and immature white blood cells. This multi-parameter approach transforms the detection capability from simple cell counting to comprehensive cellular characterization, enabling rapid detection with high diagnostic accuracy for leukemia subtypes.
2Speed
If conventional blood routine tests are used, then detection speed is improved, but reliability and ability to identify specific leukemia subtypes deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs color changes through fluorescence staining, where fluorescent dyes bind to nuclear materials of white blood cells. Different cell types exhibit distinct fluorescence characteristics that allow reliable identification of specific leukemia subtypes such as APL, transforming the detection from morphological examination to optical property-based classification with high reliability.
3Measurement precision
If microscopic examination of bone marrow aspiration is used, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical microscopic examination system with an automated optical detection system. Instead of manual bone marrow aspiration and microscopic review, the system uses automated flow cytometry with multiple optical detectors to rapidly analyze blood specimens, achieving both high diagnostic precision and rapid results within minutes.
4Measurement precision
If hemolytic agent with differentiation capability is used, then measurement precision for cell differentiation is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing an optical detection device that performs multiple functions simultaneously: forward scattered light detection for cell sizing, side scattered light detection for internal structure analysis, and fluorescence detection for nuclear material characterization. This multi-functional system achieves high cell differentiation precision without requiring separate specialized devices for each measurement type.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid and accurate detection of APL by distinguishing promyelocytes, facilitating timely treatment and reducing misdiagnosis rates.
Implementation Method 1
the scattered light detector is configured to detect scattered light information generated by each of the particles passing through the detection area and irradiated by the light beam
Implementation Method 2
the FL detector is configured to detect FL information generated by each of the particles passing through the detection area and irradiated by the light beam
Implementation Method 3
the hemolytic agent is capable of lysing red blood cells in the sample and differentiating light scattered characteristics of mature white blood cells from light scattered characteristics of immature white blood cells
Data Source
AI summary
The application provides a blood analyzer. The blood analyzer includes a specimen aspiration device, a sample preparation device, an optical detector and a processor. The specimen aspiration device is configured to aspirate a blood specimen to be tested. The sample preparation device is configured to prepare a sample, and includes a reaction cell configured to mix the blood specimen to be tested with a reagent including a hemolytic agent and a fluorescent dye. The optical detector is configured to detect the sample to obtain scattered light information and fluorescence information. The processor is configured to obtain, based on the scattered light information and/or the FL information, information characterizing acute promyelocytic leukemia or abnormal promyeloyte information.