Blood Analyzer Plasma Correction for Hemoglobin Interference
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing blood gas analyzers struggle to accurately measure hemoglobin forms in the presence of unknown extracellular interferents without requiring field notices, sample studies, verification studies, and software updates.
Innovation Solution
A blood analyzer that separates plasma from whole blood, measures the absorbance of both plasma and lysed blood samples, and adjusts the total absorbance spectrum to remove the effects of unknown extracellular interferents in real time, using a dispensing device, plasma separator, and lysis device to obtain accurate hemoglobin form concentrations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional optical measurement is used to determine hemoglobin forms, then measurement simplicity is maintained, but measurement precision deteriorates due to interference from unknown extracellular substances
Solution Approach 1:
The blood sample is divided into two separate measurement components: plasma (containing extracellular interferents) and lysed blood (containing hemoglobin forms). By measuring these components separately and mathematically combining the results, the system achieves accurate hemoglobin measurement while eliminating plasma interference, without requiring complex real-time interference subtraction algorithms
Solution Approach 2:
The plasma containing unknown extracellular interferents is extracted and measured separately from the cellular blood components. This extraction allows the interferent spectrum to be obtained independently, which is then subtracted from the total blood sample spectrum to isolate the hemoglobin signal, thereby improving measurement precision
2Reliability
If lysed blood measurement is used to eliminate light scatter, then measurement reliability improves, but reliability deteriorates due to unknown extracellular interferents affecting the measurement
Solution Approach 1:
A plasma sample measurement serves as an intermediary step that captures the interference spectrum from extracellular substances. This intermediary measurement is then used to correct the lysed blood measurement by subtracting the plasma spectrum, thereby eliminating the harmful interference while maintaining measurement reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The plasma sample is measured preliminarily before the lysed blood measurement to establish the baseline interference spectrum. This preliminary action allows the system to pre-calculate the correction factor needed to eliminate extracellular interferent effects from the subsequent hemoglobin measurement
3Measurement precision
If plasma separation and dual measurement is implemented, then measurement precision improves by removing interferent effects, but device complexity increases due to additional components
Solution Approach 1:
The optical measurement system is designed to universally measure both plasma samples and lysed blood samples using the same light source and detector configuration. This multi-functionality allows the system to obtain both the interference spectrum and the hemoglobin spectrum without requiring separate specialized measurement devices, thereby managing complexity while improving precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables accurate determination of hemoglobin forms by effectively canceling out the influence of unknown extracellular interferents, eliminating the need for additional studies and software updates, and ensuring precise measurement results.
Implementation Method 1
The light source emits broadband light into the input region into the sample-reagent combination inside the vessel. A chemical reaction of the sample-reagent combination produces chromophores absorbing light at specific wavelengths proportional to the concentration of the analyte being measured.
Implementation Method 2
The detector obtains an absorbance measurement of the emitted light signal at specific wavelengths following the Beer-Lambert law
Implementation Method 3
a plasma separator to separate plasma from a blood sample
Implementation Method 4
Some devices lyse the red blood cells using ultrasound. Some point-of-care testing devices use spectrophotometric optical absorption measurement for the determination of the oximetry parameters on a whole blood sample.
Data Source
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AI summary
Analyzers and methods of use are disclosed, including a blood analyzer comprising a light source to transmit an optical signal; a detector to generate data indicative of optical signal intensity; a transparent sample vessel between the light source and the detector; a dispensing device to pass a first portion of the blood sample comprising whole blood or lysed blood into the vessel at a first instance of time, and to pass a plasma portion of the blood sample into the vessel at a second instance of time; a controller to cause a processor to obtain first and second data generated by the detector, the first data indicative of the optical signal passing through the first portion of the blood sample and the second data indicative of the optical signal passing through the plasma, to determine a total absorbance spectrum in which the first data is adjusted by the second data.