Blood Cell Lysis Composition for Low-Scattering CO-Oximetry
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Solution Overview
Problem
Whole blood samples cause light scattering that affects measurement accuracy in optical diagnostics, necessitating the need for effective blood cell lysis to reduce scattering and improve measurement precision.
Innovation Solution
A blood cell lysis composition comprising a buffer and a secondary alcohol ethoxylate at specific concentrations, which includes Tergitol ™< types, is used to lyse blood cells, reducing light scattering and enhancing optical clarity for accurate CO-Oximetry measurements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If whole blood samples are used for optical diagnostics, then the sample contains all blood components for comprehensive analysis, but light scattering occurs that affects measurement accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes blood cells from the whole blood sample through lysis, separating the harmful light-scattering components (cell membranes) from the useful plasma components for optical measurement. This extraction eliminates the source of light scattering while preserving the analytical value of the plasma.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physical-chemical parameters of the blood sample by adjusting pH, temperature, and ionic strength to induce controlled cell lysis. These parameter changes transform the sample from intact whole blood to a lysed state where cells are broken down but plasma proteins and other analytes remain intact for measurement.
2Measurement precision
If conventional lysis compositions are used, then cell lysis occurs, but excessive foam formation interferes with optical measurements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the lysis buffer by incorporating specific concentrations of non-ionic detergents, salts, and buffering agents. These parameter changes optimize the lysis efficiency while suppressing foam formation through careful selection of surfactant types and concentrations that do not promote excessive foaming.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a composite lysis composition containing multiple components including non-ionic detergents, ionic detergents, salts, and buffering agents working together. This composite formulation achieves effective cell lysis while the specific combination of components minimizes foam generation, resolving the contradiction between lysis efficiency and foam control.
3Productivity
If rapid cell lysis is achieved to improve throughput, then productivity increases, but measurement accuracy may be compromised due to incomplete lysis
Solution Approach 1:
The patent prepares the lysis composition in advance with pre-optimized concentrations of active ingredients and maintains it at controlled temperatures to ensure immediate effectiveness upon contact with blood samples. This preliminary preparation ensures that the lysis process begins at full efficiency, achieving both rapid and complete cell disruption.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes parameters such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the lysis buffer to create conditions that maximize the rate and completeness of cell lysis. These parameter changes ensure that the lysis process is both rapid (for productivity) and thorough (for measurement accuracy), resolving the contradiction between speed and completeness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition efficiently lysing 90% of blood cells in less than 2 seconds, minimizes foam formation, and improves the accuracy and precision of CO-Oximetry measurements by reducing light scattering.
Implementation Method 1
a secondary alcohol ethoxylate at a concentration in the range of 2.5 percent (%) to 20 % weight per volume (w/v)
Data Source
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AI summary
An example blood cell lysis composition includes a buffer and a secondary alcohol ethoxylate at a concentration in the range of about 2.5 percent (%) to about 20 % weight per volume (w/v). The secondary alcohol ethoxylate may include Tergitol™ TMN-100X or Tergitol™ 15-S-9. The composition may be configured to lyse at least 90% of blood cells in a blood sample.