Finger-tip Blood Flow Authentication Using Laser Speckle
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current personal authentication methods, such as fingerprint and vein pattern recognition, are vulnerable to forgery and do not provide sufficient security for high-stakes applications, as they can be easily imitated or manipulated.
Innovation Solution
A personal authentication method and device that uses a combination of near-infrared and visible laser beams to measure blood flow distribution in subcutaneous and internal tissues of the finger-tip, creating a two-dimensional blood flow map that is difficult to forge, enhancing authentication accuracy by incorporating both surface and internal tissue patterns.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional fingerprint or vein pattern recognition methods are used, then authentication can be performed, but the system is vulnerable to forgery and manipulation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional surface fingerprint/vein detection to three-dimensional deep tissue blood flow measurement. By using near-infrared light to penetrate and image blood vessels in the deep subcutaneous layer, the system captures a third dimension of biological data that is extremely difficult to replicate or forge, thereby significantly improving authentication security.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from surface-level reflectance (traditional fingerprint/vein methods) to deep tissue blood flow dynamics. By measuring the dynamic blood flow patterns in the subcutaneous layer using near-infrared light, the system obtains a physiological parameter that is inherently difficult to fake, thus addressing the forgery vulnerability.
2Measurement precision
If only surface blood flow patterns are measured, then authentication can be performed, but sophisticated forgery attempts cannot be prevented
Solution Approach 1:
The patent measures blood flow patterns in the deep subcutaneous layer rather than just the surface layer. This deep-tissue measurement provides an additional dimension of authentication data that is extremely difficult to replicate, thereby preventing sophisticated forgery attempts while maintaining high authentication accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines multiple types of blood flow pattern data (surface and deep tissue) into a composite authentication profile. By integrating the blood flow information from different tissue layers, the system creates a comprehensive biological signature that is much more difficult to forge than any single-layer measurement alone.
3Reliability
If near-infrared laser beams are used to measure deep tissue blood flow, then authentication accuracy improves, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a near-infrared laser imaging system that serves multiple functions: it penetrates deep tissue to image blood vessels, measures blood flow dynamics, and provides authentication data. This multi-functional approach, while increasing technical complexity, consolidates several measurement capabilities into a single system rather than requiring multiple separate devices.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method provides a robust personal authentication system with improved accuracy by utilizing the unique blood flow distribution patterns in internal tissues, making it challenging to forge or imitate, thus enhancing security in applications requiring high authentication strength.
Implementation Method 1
using a near-infrared laser beam, which can reach the internal tissue of the finger pad
Implementation Method 2
the intensity distribution of reflected scattered light forms a dynamic laser speckle (random spot pattern) due to moving scattering particles such as blood cells
Implementation Method 3
imaging, on an image sensor as a laser speckle using an optical system, light reflected from a blood vessel layer
Implementation Method 4
by quantifying changes over time of the pattern in each pixel and displaying them as a map, it is possible to image the blood flow distribution
Data Source
AI summary
A personal authentication method is provided that includes imaging, on an image sensor as a laser speckle using an optical system, light reflected from a blood vessel layer in subcutaneous and internal tissues when a laser beam is expanded and made to irradiate a finger pad, calculating a quantity that represents the rate of change with respect to time of the amount of light received for each pixel of the laser speckle, obtaining a finger pad blood flow map as a two-dimensional map of the numerical values, and comparison-checking the blood flow map against pre-registered data of individuals, wherein using a near-infrared laser beam or using this in combination with a visible laser beam, comparison-checking against pre-registered data of individuals is carried out using a pattern reflecting a fingerprint occurring within the finger pad blood flow map obtained from reflected light and, observed superimposed thereon, an internal tissue blood flow distribution pattern, and there is also provided a device used for the method.