Blood Flow Index Calculation Using Camera-Based Pulse Wave Delay

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for measuring blood pressure and pulse wave velocity require dedicated hardware, making it impossible to measure these indices without extra equipment, such as electrocardiographic wave detecting electrodes or phototransistors, which are not typically found in general wrist watches.

Innovation Solution

A blood flow index calculating method and apparatus that uses a portable terminal, such as a mobile phone or digital camera, to detect pulse waves from images of the face and hand, calculating an index related to blood flow without the need for additional hardware by analyzing the delay between pulse wave patterns.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If dedicated hardware such as electrocardiographic wave detecting electrodes or phototransistors is used to measure blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases and ease of operation deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblood pressure measurement precisionVSAvoidhardware complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces dedicated hardware sensors (electrocardiographic electrodes, phototransistors) with a camera-based optical system. The camera captures images of the subject's face and hand, and pulse wave information is extracted through image processing algorithms rather than direct electrical or optical sensing, thereby eliminating the need for specialized medical-grade hardware components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a standard camera to capture visual images of blood flow changes in the face and hand, creating a visual copy of the physiological phenomenon. These images are then processed to extract pulse wave timing information, effectively copying the function of dedicated sensors using a more accessible device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If dedicated hardware is installed to enable blood pressure measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation worsens due to the need for special equipment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse wave velocity measurement precisionVSAvoiduser convenience
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the camera serve multiple functions: it not only captures photos and videos for general use but also functions as a pulse wave sensor for health monitoring. By extracting physiological information from regular camera images, the system enables blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measurement using a device everyone already possesses, greatly improving accessibility and ease of use.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Ease of operation

If standard portable devices are used without extra hardware, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice accessibilityVSAvoidblood flow index precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the face and hand regions in captured images into multiple analysis zones, tracking blood flow changes in different areas separately. By segmenting the image analysis and combining information from multiple regions (face, hand, fingers), the system compensates for the lower precision of standard camera sensors through spatial diversification of measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces image processing algorithms as an intermediary between the camera and the physiological measurement. These algorithms enhance the extraction of pulse wave signals from regular images, acting as a mediator that bridges the gap between standard device capabilities and medical-grade measurement requirements through sophisticated signal processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the calculation of blood flow indices like pulse wave velocity and blood pressure using standard portable devices, eliminating the need for extra hardware and improving user convenience.

Implementation Method 1

detect pulse waves from images of the face and hand

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2979631B1Blood flow index calculation method, blood flow index calculation program and blood flow index calculation device
Publication Date: 2023.05.10 FUJITSU LTD
  • EP2979631B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2979631B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2979631B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A blood flow index calculating apparatus (10) obtains an image, in which a first site of a living body and a second site of the living body are captured by a camera, the first site being a part of the living body of a subject, and the second site being a site different from the first site. Further, the blood flow index calculating apparatus (10) extracts an area of the first site of the living body and an area of the second site of the living body, the areas being included in the image. Furthermore, a pulse wave pattern of the first site of the living body is detected from the area of the first site of the living body and a pulse wave pattern of the second site of the living body is detected from the area of the second site of the living body. Moreover, the blood flow index calculating apparatus (10) calculates a delay amount from the pulse wave pattern of the first site of the living body and the pulse wave pattern of the second site of the living body. In addition, the blood flow index calculating apparatus (10) calculates an index related to blood flow by using the delay amount.