Blood Hemolysis Analyzer Using Optical Absorption

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for measuring hemoglobin concentration in bodily fluids require erythrocyte removal through centrifugation, limiting speed and accessibility, and do not directly assess erythrocyte membrane fragility without chemical reactions.

Innovation Solution

A system and method using a light source emitting wavelengths of 390-460 nm to detect light absorption by both cell-free and erythrocyte-bound hemoglobin, allowing for non-invasive measurement of hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte membrane fragility without erythrocyte removal, utilizing absorption detectors and processors to compare light absorption at multiple wavelengths.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If centrifugation is used to remove erythrocytes before hemoglobin measurement, then measurement accuracy is improved, but analysis time increases and accessibility decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvehemoglobin measurement accuracyVSAvoidanalysis time

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the necessary measurement function from the complex centrifugation process. By using a light source to illuminate the sample and detectors to measure light absorption at specific wavelengths, the system directly measures hemoglobin concentration without extracting or separating erythrocytes, thus eliminating the time-consuming centrifugation step while maintaining measurement capability

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical centrifugation system with an optical measurement system. Instead of using mechanical force to separate cells from plasma, the system uses light absorption properties to directly quantify hemoglobin in whole blood, substituting a complex mechanical separation process with a simpler optical detection method

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If centrifugation and chemical reactions are used for hemoglobin measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvehemoglobin measurement accuracyVSAvoidequipment requirements

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential measurement function from the complex laboratory setup. By focusing solely on light absorption measurement at specific wavelengths, the system removes the need for centrifugation equipment, chemical reagents, and complex enzymatic reaction systems, achieving hemoglobin measurement with minimal equipment

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical and chemical measurement systems with an optical system. Instead of using centrifuges, chemical substrates, and enzymatic reactions, the invention uses light sources and photodetectors to directly measure hemoglobin concentration, significantly simplifying the device requirements

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If traditional spectrophotometric methods are used, then hemoglobin concentration can be measured, but erythrocyte membrane fragility cannot be directly assessed

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvehemoglobin concentration measurementVSAvoidmembrane fragility assessment capability

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a multi-functional measurement system that can assess both hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte membrane fragility using the same optical apparatus. By analyzing light absorption characteristics and patterns, the system derives multiple physiological parameters from a single measurement setup, enabling both concentration quantification and membrane integrity evaluation

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables rapid, non-invasive measurement of cell-free hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte membrane fragility, overcoming the limitations of existing methods by differentiating between cell-free and erythrocyte-bound hemoglobin, and assessing membrane integrity without the need for centrifugation or chemical reactions.

Implementation Method 1

A first portion of the light is absorbed by the cell-free Hb derivatives and a second portion is absorbed by the Hb derivatives contained within the erythrocytes

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentUS7790464B2Blood hemolysis analyzer

Publication Date: 2010.09.07 BLAZE MEDICAL DEVICES

AI summary

Systems and methods for determining the concentration of hemoglobin derivatives in bodily fluids include devices for measuring and comparing the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by cellular and cell-free hemoglobin at two or more wavelengths in the Soret region. Systems and methods for determining erythrocyte membrane fragility include devices for measuring the concentration of at least one cell-free hemoglobin derivative, and using the absorption properties of cellular and cell-free hemoglobin derivatives in the Soret region.