Blood Parameter Measurement via Differential Photodetector Signal Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for in vivo measurement of blood parameters, such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood pressure, face challenges in accuracy due to the inability to isolate hemorheological components from tissue-related effects, leading to impaired determination of blood parameters like glucose and hemoglobin concentration.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising coherent light sources, photodetectors, and a digital processing unit that generates and analyzes difference signals from multiple locations to compute blood rheological parameters, including blood viscosity and particle size, by enhancing the dynamic light scattering (DLS) contribution ratio, thereby isolating and measuring blood-related fluctuations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If optical methods are used to measure blood parameters, then non-invasive measurement is achieved, but measurement precision is impaired due to inability to isolate hemorheological components from tissue-related effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the optical signal into multiple components by measuring at multiple wavelengths and using multiple photodetectors. This allows separation of hemorheological signals from tissue-related signals through mathematical processing, resolving the contradiction between non-invasive measurement and measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the hemorheological component from the mixed optical signal by using differential measurements and signal processing algorithms. This extraction isolates the blood-related fluctuations from tissue effects, enabling accurate blood parameter determination while maintaining non-invasive measurement.
2Device complexity
If single-wavelength optical measurement is used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to confounding tissue effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a multi-functional measurement system that uses multiple wavelengths and multiple photodetectors to simultaneously measure both blood parameters and tissue characteristics. This universal approach allows the system to distinguish between hemorheological and tissue effects, improving precision without requiring overly complex specialized equipment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent adds the dimension of wavelength diversity and spatial distribution of photodetectors to the measurement system. By measuring across multiple wavelengths and locations, the system creates additional data dimensions that enable separation of blood and tissue signals, improving precision while maintaining reasonable device complexity.
3Productivity
If time-dependent optical signals are measured, then blood dynamics information is obtained, but measurement precision is reduced due to convolution of absorption and scattering properties
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the complex time-dependent optical signal into distinct components by using multiple wavelengths and mathematical processing. This allows the hemorheological information to be separated from the convolution of absorption and scattering effects, improving precision while maintaining the ability to acquire blood dynamics information.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses feedback from multiple wavelength measurements and tissue characteristic data to iteratively improve the identification of hemorheological components. This feedback mechanism allows the system to compensate for the convolution effects and enhance measurement precision while continuing to acquire blood dynamics information.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach improves the accuracy of blood parameter determination by isolating blood-related fluctuations, enhancing the DLS contribution ratio, and allowing for precise measurement of blood rheological properties, including blood pressure and particle size, with reduced sensitivity to motion artifacts.
Implementation Method 1
the measured optical response of these changes is a convolution of absorption and scattering properties of blood and surrounding media
Implementation Method 2
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a well-established non-invasive technique which allows for the determination of tissue and blood analytes conditions based on spectro-photometric measurements
Implementation Method 3
a first photodetector configured to detect the light response signal prevailing at a first location to generate a first photodetector analog electrical signal
Implementation Method 4
by enhancing the dynamic light scattering (DLS) contribution ratio, thereby isolating and measuring blood-related fluctuations
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a system and method for in vivo measurement of blood parameters by processing analog electrical signals from a plurality of photodetectors. In some embodiments, it is possible to determine one or more blood parameters according to (i) a first electrical signal from a first detector and (ii) a second electrical signal from a second photodetector. A difference analog electrical signal is generated, indicative of a difference between the light response signal at the first location and light response signal at the second location, is generated. One or more blood parameters may be detected according to the difference analog electrical signal.