Blood Pressure Measurement Using Envelope Differential Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing blood pressure measurement methods, such as the oscillometric and volume oscillometric methods, fail to precisely derive diastolic blood pressure and often introduce measurement errors due to the lack of consideration for the generation mechanism of pulse wave amplitude and variations in cuff pressure oscillation caused by biological factors.
Innovation Solution
A blood pressure measurement apparatus equipped with a cuff, pressure detector, volume detector, and derivation control unit that extracts envelope and differential values of arterial volume signals to accurately determine systolic and diastolic blood pressures based on cuff pressure and arterial volume changes, using light emitting and receiving elements or impedance detection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Extent of automation
If the oscillometric method is used to measure blood pressure, then the measurement process is simple and automated, but the diastolic blood pressure cannot be decided precisely
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the blood pressure measurement process into distinct phases: envelope extraction from the volume pulse wave, differentiation of the envelope with respect to cuff pressure, and identification of maximum differential values. This segmentation allows precise determination of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure points that were previously indistinguishable in conventional oscillometric methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a new dimension by differentiating the envelope with respect to cuff pressure, transforming the measurement from simply detecting pulse wave amplitude to analyzing the rate of change of the envelope. This dimensional transformation enables precise identification of blood pressure points through maximum differential values.
2Device complexity
If the volume oscillometric method is used, then the measurement process is simplified, but the diastolic blood pressure cannot be decided precisely
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs feedback by continuously monitoring the differential values during the deflation process and using this information to dynamically identify the maximum differential point. This feedback mechanism allows precise determination of diastolic blood pressure based on the actual measured data rather than predetermined algorithms.
3Extent of automation
If conventional oscillometric methods are used, then the measurement is automated, but measurement errors occur due to biological variations in cuff pressure oscillation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the measurement approach adaptive to real-time conditions. The envelope extraction and differentiation process dynamically adjusts to the actual pulse wave characteristics during measurement, allowing the system to accommodate biological variations in cuff pressure oscillation while maintaining measurement accuracy.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise derivation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures by differentiating cuff pressure and arterial volume changes, reducing measurement errors associated with biological variations and improving accuracy.
Implementation Method 1
a light emitting element to emit light to the artery; and a light receiving element to receive light transmitted through or light reflected at the artery of the light emitted by the light emitting element
Implementation Method 2
using light emitting and receiving elements or impedance detection
Data Source
AI summary
A blood pressure measurement apparatus includes a derivation control unit that performs derivation control to derive a blood pressure of a measured person. The derivation control unit includes an envelope extracting unit to extract an envelope of a volume pulse wave based on an arterial volume signal, a differential processing unit to differentiate the envelope with respect to a cuff pressure, a maximum value extracting unit to extract a maximum value of a differential value of the envelope, and a blood pressure decision unit that decides the cuff pressure used for the differential of the maximum value as a blood pressure.